APUSH Chapter 12

1. Why according to the text was the War of 1812 one of the worst fought wars in US History?

The country entered the war divided and apathetic towards the war effort.

1. What governmental protection was used to help bolster the infant manufacturing industries in New England (not in textbook)?

Protective Tariffs

1. What major problems faced the US military pre-War of 1812?

Ill-trained, ill-disciplined, and widely scattered, poorly trained militia (who were better known for fleeing the battlefield).

1. What two American “Generals” led the US against the Canadians?

Mud and Confusion

1. Which American naval officer gave hope to the US by capturing a British fleet on Lake Michigan?

Oliver Hazard Perry

1. What famous quote will be made by the Naval Officer in question #6?

“We have met the enemy and they are ours.”

1. What is the nickname of the War of 1812?

Mr. Madison’s War

1. What European battle will allow the Americans a respite from the entire British army until 1814?

Napoleonic Wars

1. What will change in 1814 in Europe which allowed the British to pay much greater attention to the War of 1812?

Capture and exile of Napoleon

1. When British forces landed in the Chesapeake Bay area in August 1814 they dispersed some six thousand militia which became known as what?

“the Bladensburg races”

1. What famous buildings will be set a blaze by the British in Washington DC?

Capital and the White House

1. Who saved a the famous portrait of George Washington as the British attached and burned down the White House?

Dolly Madison

1. What famous fort will be defended by the Americans in Baltimore?

Ft. McHenry

1. Who penned the words to our National Anthem?

Francis Scott Key

1. Where was the man when he penned the word to the Anthem?

Being held captive aboard a British ship

1. “Maddy in Full Flight” describes what stage of the War of 1812?

British taking of Washington

1. Who was Maddy in question #16?

James Madison

1. What famous victory will come in early 1815 by the Americans?

Battle of New Orleans

1. Which famous American General will be responsible for this victory?

Andrew Jackson

1. What major mistake will the British make in the battle described in #20?

Launching a frontal assault. British lose over two thousand in half an hour.

1. What is ironic about the victory in early January 1815?

The peace treaty had already been signed

1. What was the name of the treaty which ended the War of 1812? When was it signed?

Treaty of Ghent/ December 24, 1814

1. What were the terms of the treaty?

Both sides simply agreed to stop fighting and to restore conquered territory. No mention was made of the Indian menace, search and seizure, Orders in Council, impressment, and confiscations.

1. What phrase described the treaty ending the War of 1812?

“Not One Inch of Territory Ceded or Lost”/Returned to the status quo antebellum.

1. What was a “Blue Light” Federalist?

A person who supposedly flashed lanterns to help the British cruisers letting them know about an escaping American vessel.

1. What took place at the Hartford Convention?

Massachusetts issued a call for a convention where Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island sent full delegations while New Hampshire and Vermont sent partial reps. They meet to discuss their grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs.

1. What issue did a minority of delegates to the Hartford Convention call for?

Secession from the Union

1. What did the final draft of the Hartford Convention call for?

Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade; 2. Abolition of the 3/5 clause (didn’t want South with a lot of Representation); 3. Called for a limit of just one term for US Presidents (tired of the Virginia Dynasty).

1. What was the combined name given to Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe?

Virginia Dynasty

1. Until 1815 there was far more talk of these two policies in New England than the South? Define the two policies.

Nullification and secession; Nullification – The ability of the State to nullify a National law. Secession – leaving the Union.

1. Which two U.S Generals and future U.S. Presidents will fight successfully during the War of 1812?

Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison

1. What consequence will come about in industry because of the War of 1812?

America became less dependent on Europe’s workshops

1. What agreement in April of 1818 between Britain and the United States ended the quasi war on the Great Lakes? How?

Rush-Bagot treaty. Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes

1. How long is the border between the US and Canada?

5, 527

1. At what famous battle was Napoleon defeated for the last time in 1815?

Waterloo

1. What major consequence will come about after the War of 1812 concerning American Spirit?

There is heightened nationalism (Ghent Nationalism)

1. Which two American authors became famous in the 1820s who used American scenes and themes?

Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper

1. How did the rising tide of nation-consciousness touch the financial markets?

The Bank of the US was re-charted in 1816 for another 20 years because Madison saw the need to be able to print money for debt if needed

1. Who created the “American System”?

Henry Clay

1. Describe the three components of the “American System”

Protective tariff, strong banking system, network of roads and canals to the Ohio Valley (infrastructure).

1. As part of the American System, what will open in 1825 to help the shipping of goods in the US?

Erie Canal

1. What government appointed office did Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe all hold prior to serving as US President?

Secretary of State – Sec. of State was seen as the stepping stone to the Presidency.

1. What is the capital of Liberia? Why does it have that name?

Monrovia. Monroe played a large part in the creation of the country.

1. What was purpose of Liberia?

Colonization of ex-slaves

1. After what event was the Federalist Party doomed?

Hartford Convention

1. What was the nickname for Monroe’s presidency?

“Era of Good Feelings”

1. What caused the Panic of 1819?

Large land over-speculation in frontier lands

1. What nickname was given to the Western speculative banks?

“Wildcat”

1. How many frontier states had joined the Union from 1791 to 1819? Name them?

Nine – Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama

1. What road system began in 1811 which ultimately ran from western Maryland to Illinois?

Cumberland Road

1. What other mode of transportation began in 1811?

Steamboat

1. What is the “peculiar institution”?

Slavery in the South

1. What State’s request for entry into the Union in 1820 was very controversial? Why was it so controversial?

Missouri; It was going to upset the balance in the Senate between Slave and Non-Slave states.

1. What did the Tallmadge amendment try and accomplish with the admission of Missouri into the Union? Where was this amendment defeated?

No more slaves could be brought into Missouri and also provided for the gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents at the age of 25; Defeated in the US Senate

1. Which famous Compromise of 1820 was fathered by Henry Clay?

Missouri

1. What were the terms of the Compromise of 1820?

Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free (balanced the US Senate); Slavery was banned north of the 36° 30’ line (ran along the Southern border of Missouri).

1. Why did the Compromise of 1820 admit two states?

To keep the balance of the Senate even between slave and free states

1. What was unique about the election of James Monroe to a second term?

Only president to be reelected after a term in which a major financial panic began

1. Which SCOTUS Chief Justice served the longest term in US History?

John Marshall (1801 – 1835)

1. What precedent was established in the SCOTUS case McCulloch v. Maryland?

States could not tax the federal bank. Marshall said that the power to tax the bank was the power to destroy and that the National government could establish the bank based on the implied powers of the Constitution

1. What doctrine did Marshall’s ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland establish?

“loose construction” (living constitution)

1. How did State Supreme Courts lose power to SCOTUS in the Cohens v. Virginia decision?

SCOTUS can review any State Supreme Court case.

1. In Gibbons v. Ogden, SCOTUS ruled that Congress could regulate what kind of trade?

1. Interstate trade (argument over the Hudson river and who had control over the steamboat river rights)

1. What precedent was established in Fletcher v. Peck (1810)?

SCOTUS can invalidate state laws conflicting with the federal Constitution

1. Who defended Dartmouth College in the famous SCOTUS case Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)?

Daniel Webster

1. Why did John Marshall rule in favor of Dartmouth College in the case above?

He said that the original charter was a contract and contracts are binding agreements.

1. What took place in South America in the early 19^th Century which gave the opportunity to acquire Florida from Spain?

Many revolutions caused Spain to deploy troops into South America

1. Which man will be responsible for the United States acquisition of Florida by sweeping across Florida in 1818?

Andrew Jackson

1. What famous doctrine came about in 1823 concerning European intervention in North America? What type of binding power did this doctrine have?

Monroe Doctrine; Really none at all. It’s a policy statement to Europe to stay out of North American affairs.

1. Who is considered the father of this doctrine? Why?

John Quincy Adams; He wrote it.

1. What two basic features did this doctrine possess? Which country will be the first to break this doctrine and when?

Non-colonization and non-intervention; United States in World War I

1. Place the following in Chronological order: Marbury v. Madison, Missouri Compromise, Gibbons v. Ogden, Hartford Convention, War of 1812, Rush-Bagot agreement, McCulloch v. Maryland, Erie Canal, Fletcher v. Peck

Marbury v. Madison, Fletcher v. Peck, War of 1812, Hartford Convention, Rush-Bagot agreement, McCulloch v. Maryland, Missouri Compromise, Gibbons v. Ogden, Erie Canal.