MATERNAL - RHEUMATIC FEVER

RHEUMATIC FEVER

an inflammatory disease that can develop when strep throat or scarlet fever isn't properly treated. Strep throat and scarlet fever are caused by an infection with streptococcus bacteria.

2-4 WEEKS

onset for rheumatic fever

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

the permanent damage to the heart particularly the heart valves caused by Rheumatic Fever

GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS

the cause of rheumatic fever

ERYTHEMA MARGINATUM

Flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge

SYDENHAM CHOREA

Jerky, uncontrollable body movements

HEART MURMUR

sound of blood flowing the wrong way thru a leaky valve

VALVE STENOSIS

narrowing of a heart valve

VALVE REGURGITATION

leaky heart valve

ECHO SCAN (ECHOCARDIOGRAM)

uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart’s chambers, valves, walls & blood vessels (aorta, arteries, veins)

• JUVENILE IDIOPHATIC ARTHRITIS (JIA)

• JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (JRA)

arthritis in kids

ARTHITIS

a dse. that causes swelling, stiffness, & pain in the joint

SYNOVIAL FLUID

which acts as a lubricant to help joints move easily

JOINT EFFUSION

•is common but is often first noticed in larger joints such as the knee.

SYSTEMIC JIA

affects the whole body. Symptoms include high fevers, the child may feel very ill, appear pale or develop a rash. The spleen and lymph nodes might become enlarged

OLIGOARTHRITIS

affects four or fewer joints, often the knee or ankle. Symptoms include pain, stiffness or swelling in the joints

POLYARTICULAR NEGATIVE

symptoms include swelling or pain in fide or more joints. The small joints of the hands are affected as well as the weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, ankles, feet and neck

POLYARTICULAR POSITIVE

this type of JIA behaves the most like adult rheumatoid arthritis and kids who have it have a rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide in their blood

ENTHESITIS RELATED

this type of arthritis often affects the legs and spine. Kids also might have inflammation of the entheses-areas where tendons joins bones

PSORIASIS NEGATIVE

kids with this also have the psoriasis rash (a scaly red rash that can start behind the ears on the eyelids, elbows, knees or scalp) themselves or a close relative with psoriasis

UNDIFFERENTIATED

arthritis that doesn’t fit into ant of the above categories or fits into more than one of the categories

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

The sedimentation rate is the speed at which your red blood cells settle to the bottom of a tube of blood. An elevated rate can indicate inflammation.

ERYTHROCYTES SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

is primarily used to determine the degree of inflammation.

C - REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP)

This blood test also measures levels of general inflammation in the body but on a different scale than the ESR.

ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY

are proteins commonly produced by the IS of people with certain autoimmune diseases, including arthritis. They are a marker for an increased chance of eye inflammation.

RHEUMATOID FACTOR

This antibody is occasionally found in the blood of children who have juvenile idiopathic arthritis and may mean there's a higher risk of damage from arthritis.

CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE (CCP)

another antibody that may be found in the blood of children with JIA and may indicate a higher risk of damage (done along with RF test)

COLD

is most helpful when it's used for the first 24 hours after joint pain starts

HEAT

brings more blood to the area where it is applied-- reduces joint stiffness and muscle spasm

NSAID’S

•reduce pain and swelling.

DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS (DMARDs)

•used when NSAIDs alone fail to relieve symptoms of joint pain and swelling or if there is a high risk of damage in the future-- may be taken in combination with NSAIDs and are used to slow the progress of JIA

BIOLOGIC AGENTS / BIOLOGIC RESOINSE MODIFIERS

can help reduce systemic inflammation and prevent joint damage--may be used with DMARDs  and other medications.

CORTICOSTEROIDS

•may be used to control symptoms until another medication takes effect-- also used to treat inflammation when it is not in the joints, such as inflammation of the sac around the heart (can interfere with normal child growth and increase susceptibility to infection)

SCABIES

caused by a microscopic, eight legged mite called Sarcoptes

SARCOPTES

eight legged mite

• it is contagious (spread by close physical contact)

• the mites & their eggs may live on clothes or bed linen for 1-2 days

• mites burrow into the skin creases, particularly between fingers, around the wrists & elbows, armpits, nipples & penis

PRURITUS

intense itch without a rash

BULLAE

raised, clear fluid-filled spots or lesions that are bigger than 1cm in diameter

PAPULES

solid, raised areas of skin with distinct borders less than 1cm in diameter