Untitled Flashcards Set

Psychology

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Behavior

Something you do that’s directly observed.

Mental processes

Processes that are not directly observed and happen in the mind.

Wilhelm Wundt

The father of psychology who brought objectivity and measurement into psychology.

Introspection

The examination of one's own thoughts and life.

Psychoanalytic psychology

A school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud focusing on the unconscious mind.

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist who believed the mind is partially conscious and partially unconscious.

Behavioral psychology

A school of psychology emphasizing observable behavior and its environment.

Ivan Pavlov

Russian experimenter known for classical conditioning.

Humanistic psychology

Focuses on personal growth, free will, and positive qualities.

Carl Rogers

An American psychologist who emphasized unconditional positive regard.

Abraham Maslow

American psychologist famous for the hierarchy of needs.

Defense Mechanisms

Strategies used by the ego to protect from anxiety, as described by Freud.

Classical Conditioning

Learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.

Self-esteem

An individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth.

Coping mechanisms

Processes used to manage stress and reduce conflict.

Erik Erikson

Psychologist known for his theory on psychosocial development across the lifespan.

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

A framework outlining the progression of moral reasoning in humans.

Anxiety Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear or anxiety.

Panic Disorder

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

An anxiety disorder featuring unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior.

Personality Disorders

Enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause functional impairment.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings from emotional highs to lows.

Substance Abuse Disorders

Disorders characterized by the compulsive use of a substance despite harmful consequences.

Social Psychology

The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

Conformity

A change in behavior or attitude to align with the group norms.

Compliance

Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure.

Obedience

Changing behavior in response to a command from an authority figure.