chapter 16

immunology

study of the immune system and immune responses

primary functions of the immune system: (2)

• differentiate between “self” and “non-self”

• destroy the “non-self”

where do immune response cells originate

bone marrow

where do lymphocytes originate

lymphoid stem cells of bone marrow

types of lymphocytes (3)

• B lymphocytes (B cells)

• T lymphocytes (T cells)

• natural killer cells (NK cells)

types of T cells (2)

• helper T cells

• cytotoxic T cells

2 arms of the immune system:

• humoral immunity

• cell-mediated immunity

humoral immunity

glycoproteins called antibodies (ABs) are produced by B cells to destroy specific microbes

cell-mediated immunity

immunity involving variety of cell types (T cells, NK cells, etc.) with AB cells only playing a minor roll (if any)

acquired immunity

immunity resulting from the active production or receipt of antibodies during one’s lifetime

active acquired immunity (+ how long it lasts)

antibodies produced within the person

• longlasting protection

passive acquired immunity

antibodies are received that were produced by another person(s) or animal

• usually temporary protection

types of active acquired immunity (2)

• natural active acquired immunity (occurs naturally)

• artificial active acquired immunity (artificially induced)

how do people get artificial active acquired immunity?

vaccines

vaccine (+ what they’re made from)

material that can artificially induce immunity to an infectious disease

• usually made from living or dead pathogens or the toxins they produce

how do vaccines work?

they teach your immune system to recognize and remember bacteria or viruses

• when you get a vaccine your body makes a “memory” of the foreign ingredient 

  • “memory” = antigen

antigen

“memory” (protein or somethin) that triggers an immune response to a bacteria or virus

vaccines are made by ___________ germs or parts of germs. Scientists decide which vaccine type will be best based on the __________-__________  ________ and the ___________ ________ / _______ of the disease

vaccines are made by manipulating germs or parts of germs. Scientists decide which vaccine type will be best based on the disease-causing agent and the natural behavior / course of the disease