PHSC 208, L33

P-glycoprotein is a _____ active transporter

primary

• an ABC transporter

• pumps amphiphillic substances out of cells

1-palmitoyl-2,3- dioleoyl-glycerol

• ingested in diet

• major form of metabolic energy storage in humans

• made in liver and adipose tissue

  • synthesized in cytosol

animals cannot back convert lipids to ______

carboydrates

Triglycerides

• 90% lipids from diet is in the form of triglyceride

• insoluble in water

Cholic acid

-OH

-antipathic

Chenodeoxycholic acid

-OH

-H

-antipathic

What do bile salts/acids do?

emulsify fat globules/lipids into micelles

• made from cholesterol

• stored in gall bladder and released into small intestine

What enzyme liberates fatty acids?

Pancreatic lipase

• catalyze at 1 and 3 carbon

interfacial activation

targets mixed micelles of tricylglycerols, bile acids, and colipase

Chylomicrons meaning

repackaged lipids

Chylomicron pathway

-repackaged lipids move into vascular system

-lipases in vascular system chew away lipids

-chylomicron particles go back into liver cell to end exogenous pathway

Endogenous pathway

• liver repackages absorb lipids into liver cell and released at VLDL (very low density liquids)

Lipoproteins

moves lipids from one organ to antoehr

• composed of cholesterol and phospholipids

• are bilayers, head group out and tail group in

Apolipoproteins

increase solubility of lipoproteins

• has polar and nonpolar surfaces

Pneumonic for Lipoprotein Classes (lowest to highest)

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Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL

Which of the following accurately ranks lipoproteins from highest to lowest density?

HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, Chylomicrons

Endogenous pathway explained

• brings lipids in

• move across the body in blood vessels by tylamicrons

• tylamicrons work with lipases

• get into liver and make VLDLs with endogenous pathways

ketone bodies

• water soluble

• transporting lipid-like particles into compartments

Ketone bodies contribute to energy metabolism during

• starving state

• post-exercise

• energy

• low-carb intake diet

- can get through blood-brain barrier for energy

• brains uses glucose as primary energy form

ketones are made in ______

liver cells in mitochondria

Ketogenesis

1. Acetyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA= Acetoacetyl-CoA

2. Acetoacetyl-CoA uses HMG-CoA synthase

3. produces HMG-CoA

4. HMG-CoA uses HMG=CoA lyase (rate limiting step)

5. makes Acetoacetate and Acetyl-CoA