SkM - RNA Viruses

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Picornaviridae Overview

#1 mountain peak

picornaviridae family of viruses; poliovirus, coxackievirus A&B, echovirus, and rhinovirus are picornaviruses

Picornaviridae Overview

#2 warm colors

picornaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses

Picornaviridae Overview

#3 positive sun

picornaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses

Picornaviridae Overview

#4 statue of david

picornaviruses lack envelopes, classifying them as naked viruses

Picornaviridae Overview

#5 poop

hepatitis A virus, poliovirus, coxacievirus A&B, and echovirus are transmitted via the fecal-oral route (rhinovirus is transmitted via respiratory droplets)

Picornaviridae Overview

#6 coin stamp machine

the genomic RNA of positive sense RNA viruses, like picornaviruses, resembles mRNA and can be directly translated by host cell ribosomes

Picornaviridae Overview

#7 roll of tickets

the RNA genome of picornaviruses is translated into a single, extrended polyprotein, which is then cleaved by proteases

Picornaviridae Overview

#8 “A”-tagged hippos

hepatitis A virus

Picornaviridae Overview

#9 “ENTER aviary”

enterovirus genus including poliovirus, coxacievirus A&B, and echovirus

Picornaviridae Overview

#10 rhinos

rhinovirus

Picornaviridae Overview

#11 enlarged liver spot

Hep A causes liver inflammation → moderate enlargement of liver then (less frequently) spleen

Picornaviridae Overview

#12 flamingos

poliovirus

Picornaviridae Overview

#13 cockatoos

coxsackievirus A & B

Picornaviridae Overview

#14 mocking birds

echovirus

Picornaviridae Overview

#15 head-shaped aviary

enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis

Picornaviridae Overview

#16 “no organisms” feed

aseptic meningitis, frequently caused by enteroviruses, is a self-limited inflammation of the meninges in which the causative agent is typically a virus, rather than a bacteria

Picornaviridae Overview

#17 “no sugar added” feed

aseptic meningitis typically manifests with a CSF glucose level within normal range

Picornaviridae Overview

#18 “source of protein” feed

aseptic meningitis typically manifests with an elevated CSF protein level

Picornaviridae Overview

#19 child in helmet

aseptic meningitis most often affects children and young adults

Picornaviridae Overview

#20 mud on nose and mouth

rhinovirus primarily targets the upper respiratory tract and propagates through respiratory droplet transmission

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#1 polio flamingo

poliovirus (a positive sense RNA virus in the picornaviridae family)

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#2 warm colors

poliovirus is a positive-sense RNA virus

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#3 positive sun

poliovirus is a positive sense RNA virus

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#4 baby flamingo

poliovirus is a part of the picornaviridae family

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#5 statue of david

poliovirus lacks an envelope, classifying it as a naked virus

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#6 flamingo protected from acid

poliovirus is acid-stable, allowing it to survive in the gastric environment

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#7 patches of eggs

initial replication of poliovirus occurs in cells of the gut mucosa (peyer’s patches), although it can also spread systemically

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#8 anterior hornbill beak

poliovirus targets the motor neurons located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, leading to neurological damage

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#9 folding one leg

the paralysis induced by poliovirus infection tends to manifest in an asymmetric pattern, affecting one side of the body more severely than the other

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#10 distressed puff of air

in severe cases, muscle weakness caused by poliovirus infection can progress to respiratory failure

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#11 meningitis helmet

poliovirus can cause aseptic meningitis, a non-bacterial inflammation of the meninges

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#12 sulking + syringe bones

the salk vaccine is an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) that is administered intramuscularly to protect against poliomyelitis; IPV is the only polio vaccine that has been used in the US since 2000

Poliovirus (picornaviridae)

#13 “savin” a life”

the live attenuated Sabin vaccine was given orally to induce both systemic IgG and mucosal IgA antibody responses against poliovirus; however, in 2016, the Sabin vaccine (trivalent, oral - OPV) has been replaced with the bivalent OPV to reduce the risk of vaccine-derived polioviruses

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#1 cockatoos

coxsackievirus A&B (positive sense RNA viruses in the picornaviridae family)

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#2 warm colors

coxsackieviruses are positive sense RNA viruses

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#3 positive sun

coxsackieviruses are positive sense RNA viruses

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#4 baby cockatoo

coxsackieviruses are a part of the picornaviridae family

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#5 statue of david

coxsackieviruses lack envelopes, classifying them as naked viruses

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#6 “A” cage

coxsackievirus A

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#7 hand, foot, mouth birdseed

coxsackievirus A is one of the viruses that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, characterized by a red, vesicular rash in the mouth, on the fingers and palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#8 meningitis helmet

coxsackievirus A (more than B) can lead to aseptic meningitis (a non-bacterial inflammation of the meninges), especially in pediatric populations

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#9 kid + bathing suit

coxsackieviruses predominantly affect children, especially in the warmer months

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#10 “B” cage

coxsackievirus B

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#11 floppy heart bags

infection with coxsackievirus B has been implicated in myopericarditis, which in certain cases may lead to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy

Coxsackievirus A&B (picornaviridae)

#12 tight grip around chest

coxsackievirus B causes Bornholm disease (also known as apidemic pleurodynia or “devil’s grip”, which is characterized by severe, unilateral pleuritic pain in the lower chest)