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MLK Jr.

Leader advocating nonviolent civil rights activism.

Malcolm X

Prominent figure advocating for Black empowerment and rights.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist known for refusing bus segregation.

Brown vs. Board of Education

1954 Supreme Court case ending school segregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination in public accommodations.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Law aimed at eliminating racial voting barriers.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Desegregation

Process of ending the separation of races.

Black Panthers

Political organization advocating for Black rights and self-defense.

Freedom Riders

Activists challenging segregation in interstate bus travel.

Selma to Montgomery March

1965 protest for voting rights in Alabama.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Protest against bus segregation led by MLK Jr.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement celebrating African American art and literature.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference promoting civil rights.

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality advocating for civil rights.

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee focused on youth activism.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Constitutional agreement counting slaves as three-fifths of a person.

Disenfranchisement

Denial of the right to vote, often racially motivated.

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another.

Prejudice

Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience.

Segregation

Separation of people based on race or ethnicity.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation occurring by social norms, not law.

De Jure Segregation

Legal separation enforced by laws.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Legislation addressing housing discrimination and civil rights.

Children's March

Youth-led protest for civil rights in Birmingham.

Little Rock Nine

Group of students integrating Central High School in 1957.

Freedom Summer

1964 campaign to increase voter registration in Mississippi.

March on Washington

1963 rally advocating for civil and economic rights.

Emmet Till

Murdered teenager symbolizing racial violence and injustice.

Scottsboro Boys

Nine African American teens wrongfully accused of rape.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

1896 case establishing 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Mendez vs. Westminster

1947 case ending school segregation in California.

National Urban League

Organization promoting economic opportunities for African Americans.

Triangular Trade

Historical trade route involving Africa, Americas, and Europe.

Assassination Discrimination

Killing based on race or political beliefs.

Reconstruction Movement

Post-Civil War effort to integrate freed slaves into society.