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Correlation and functions
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20 Terms
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1
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Pearson correlation coefficient (r)
conditions: random samples and independent observations
-normality of x and y
-linear trend
-no extreme outliers
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properties of r
describes the strength of the linear relationships between 2 numbers
-unitless
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range of r
between -1 and 1
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interpretation of r
-1 or 1 means perfectly linear
-0 means no relationship
-absolute value indicates strength of linear relationship
-sign indicates direction
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strong correlation
r value above .5
- ~.5-.6 is moderately strong
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weak correlation
r value below .5
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things that don't affect r value
-changing the order of variables
-adding or multiplying by a constant
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things that do affect r's value
-influential outliers
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correlation cautions
correlation does not equal causation
-x and y can switch and still get the same value
lurking variables
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how to calculate r
(sum of zx*zy)/(n-1)
Remember to convert to z scores first!
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interpretation
describe: strength, direction, define correlation as a measure of the linear relationship
12
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functions
input only has one outputw
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what type of data used to create a function?
two numerical variableswh
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why are functions models useful?
1)gives us a characteristic rate of change
2) ability to predict future values
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function notation
y=f(x)
dependent is a function of the indpendent
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y
output/dependent
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x
output/independent
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linear relationship
y=b0+b1x
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b1
slope: describes the constant rate of change in the dependent variable as the independent variable increases by one unit
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b0
y-intercept: describes the value of the dependent variable when the independent variable equals zero
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