AP Psych Unit 0 Study Guide

Wundt

Credited for creating field of psychology

Behavioral

Observations, learning through conditions/reinforcement

False consensus

cognitive bias where individual estimates the extent that their opinions, beliefs, etc are normal and typical of others

Hindsight bias

tendency to believe that one would have foreseen outcome

Double-blind experiment

neither subject or research know who is getting treatment

Single-blind

only researcher doesn’t know who is getting treatment

Placebo effect

no treatment given but believing one is benefiting from it

standard deviation

how much scores vary from mean

independent variable

one getting manipulated

Dependent variable

changed variable

confounding variable

variable not controlled that could change result

random sample

each member of population has same chance of selected into sample

Population

number of people in a sample

Random assignment

ensures all members of equal chance of being in either control or experiment

Control group

has no treatment

illusory correlation

looks like there’s a correlation but there’s not

case study

in depth study of single person, group, or phenomenon, provides detail analysis but doesn’t represent whole pop

Theory

explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors/events

Hypothesis

Testable prediction

operation definition

clearly defined set of procedures for manipulating variable

negative correlation

one increases, other decreases

scatterplot

shows relationship but not cause and effect

stats significance

sample average reliable and difference is large, if has significance its not due to chance variation

biological perspective

explanation of behavior on individual physical/biological processes

Psychodynamic perspective

emphasizes role of unconscious mind and early childhood experiences (ACES)

Cognitive perspective

Mental processes, memory, how we perceive things, etc

socio-cultural perspective

How influences from society shape behavior

meta-analysis

combines result of many individual research and put together

Psychology

scientific study of mind and behavior