MSK Chapter 4 - ALL

cranial and facial skeleton

what are the two parts of the skull?

brain, cranial meninges, cranial nerves, blood vessels

what does the cranial skeleton contain?

front bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

what bones make up the cranial skeleton?

foramen magnum

passageway from skull to spinal column

spinal cord and meninges, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, spinal accessory nerve

what are the contents of the foramen magnum?

sphenoid bone

what bone forms the base of the cranium?

sphenoid bone

one bone that expands across the face of the cranium

ethmoid bone

sits in front of the sphenoid bone at the roof of the nose between the two orbits

separates the nasal cavity from the brain

lacriminal bones, nasal bones, maxillae, zygomatic bones, palatine, nasal conchae, mandible, vomer

what bones make up the facial skeleton

orbits, nasal cavities, jaw

what are the main components of the viscerocranium?

lacriminal bone

smallest bone in the face

lacriminal bone

articulates with the inferior nasal concha, ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary bones

lacriminal bones

located on the medial side of the orbit

nasal bone

forms the bridge of the nose

front bone superiorly, ethmoid bone, frontal process of maxilla posteriorly

what bones does the nasal bone articulate with

maxilla

forms the floor of the orbits, the sides and lower walls of the nasal cavities, and the hard palate

zygomatic bones

cheek bones

make up part of the eye orbit

maxilla, temporal bone, sphenoid bone, and frontal bone

what bones does the zygomatic bone articulate with

palatine bones

pair of bones that help make up the upper palate

maxillae

what bone does the palatine bone articulate with?

nasal conchae

scroll-shaped bony elements forming the upper chambers of the nasal cavities

vomer

forms the inferior part of the nasal septum

ethmoid bone superiorly and palatine bone inferiorly

what bones does the vomer articulate with

frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, lacriminal, ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine

what bones make up the orbit of the eye?

7

how many bones make up the orbit of the eye?

malleus, incus, stapes

what are the bones of the inner ear?

temporomandibular joint

only voluntarily moveable joints of the skull

hinge joint

what kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

elevation/depression, protrusion/retrusion, lateral excursion

what motions occur at the temporomandibular joints?

temporalis, masseter, lateral/medial pterygoid

what are the muscles of mastication?

trigeminal nerve

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

facial expression, chewing and moving food in mouth, closing eyelids, and neck movement

what are the main functions of the facial muscles?

Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Pericranium

what components make up the scalp?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

what are the 3 layers oof the meninges?

middle meningeal artery

what is located in the epidural space?

veins

what is located in the subdural space?

cerebrospinal fluid

what is located in the subarachnoid space

cerebrum

largest part of the brain

cerebral cortex

location of highest mental and behavioral activity control

conscious and unconscious skeletal muscle contraction

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

what are the 4 cerebral lobes

frontal lobe

conscious control of skeletal muscles, planning behavior, language production

parietal lobe

conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature and taste, spatial orientation, language, and comprehension

occipital lobe

conscious perception of visual stimuli

temporal loobe

conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

frontal lobe

where is the primary motor cortex located?

parietal lobe

where is the primary sensory cortex located?

occipital lobe

where is the visual cortex located?

temporal lobe

where are the auditory and olfactory cortices located?

cerebellum

part of the brain that controls coordination of movements and regulation of posture and reflexes

diencephalon

part of the brain that relays and processes sensory information as well as controls autonomic functions and hormone regulation

brainstem

most inferior part of the brain

brainstem

autonomic control oof respiration, heart rate, etc

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what are the three parts of the brain stem?

12

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

olfactory nerve

cranial nerve 1

smell

function of the olfactory nerve

optic nerve

cranial nerve 2

vision

function of the optic nerve

occulomotor nerve

cranial nerve 3

trochlear nerve

cranial nerve 4

abducens nerve

cranial nerve 6

eye movement

function of occulomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve

trigeminal nerve

cranial nerve 5

face movement and sensation

function oof trigeminal nerve

facial nerve

cranial nerve 7

face movement and sensation

function of facial nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

cranial nerve 8

hearing and vestibular sensation

function of vestibulocochlear nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

cranial nerve 9

taste and speech

function of glossopharyngeal nerve

vagus nerve

cranial nerve 10

taste, speech, visceral function

function of vagus nerve

spinal accessory nerve

cranial nerve 11

hypoglossal nerve

cranial nerve 12

cranial nerves 7, 9, 10

cranial nerves associated with sensory taste

cranial nerve 8

cranial nerve associated with hearing and balance

cranial nerves 7, 9, 10

cranial nerves associated with sensation of external ear

cranial nerves 9 and 10

nerves associated with sensation of carotid body, pharynx, and larynx

cranial nerves 3, 4, 6

nerves associated with eye muscles

cranial nerve 12

nerve associated with tongue movement

cranial nerve 11

nerve associated with trapezius

cranial nerve 5

nerve associated with mastication

cranial nerve 7

nerve associated with facial expression

cranial nerves 9 and 10

nerves associated with speech and swallowing

cranial nerve 3

nerve associated with pupil contraction and lens accommodation

cranial nerve 7

nerve associated with submandibular and sublingual glands

cranial nerve 9

nerve associated with parotid glands

cranial nerve 10

nerve associated with upper gastrointestinal tract

flexion/extension, lateral flexion/extension, rotation

what motions occur at the spine?

cervical spine

which part of the spine does flexion/extension occur?

thoracic spine

which part of the spine does lateral flexion occur?

lumbar spine

which part of the spine does rotation occur?

33

how many total vertebrae are there?

7

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

5

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5 fused vertebrae

How many sacral vertebrae are there?