HOSA flashcards 1

Pattern Correlation

A process when you see a misspelled word but you still understand the meaning of the word

Left Brain

Learning, information processing, logic, analyzes

Right Brain

Creativity, art, feelings

2 Parts of Memory

Storage and Recall

Creativity

Process of creating something new, using imagination to produce work

Creation

Something new that has value

Original

Something that is said to be new

Multi-disciplinary effort

Organization identifies a complex problem, problem is divided into parts. Four possible solutions.

Insight

Ability to look a complex problem and see through the maze

Camelot

Process in problem identification with idealized situation, comparing real situation to ideal situation

Squeeze and stretch method (Problem identifying)

An attempt to discover the scope of problem,
and then find its basic components

Squeeze

find its basic components, asking chain of questions for what

Stretch

An attempt to discover the scope of problem, asking chain of questions for why

Assumption reversal

Recognize the limitation of solution

Analogy

Developing alternatives, comparing two things that are dissimilar

Contrast association

Develop dissimilarities (Black / White) (opposites)

Ingenuity

Ability to devise methods to make work easier, faster, or better

Edison technique

Technique that solves by inventing new alternatives

Biggest barrier to creativity

Expertitis, when the person has deep knowledge of a topic but can't filter it to their audience's need

Attribute listing

Technique which attacks problem by listing various characteristics then thinking of ways to improve each characteristic

Onion model

Ideas cluster around focus of topic, expands relationships between concepts

Experimentation

Selecting among alternatives; interaction between variable needs to be considered

Force-field analysis

Focus on driving forces and restraining forces to change

Scenario writing

Emphasis on potential future, writing futuristic story

Synectics

Type of brainstorming that relies on analogies and metaphors

The 8 S's of Innovation

Strategy and purposes required to have objectives
Structure uses alliances to obtain innovation
System and processes is reward system for creativity and innovation
Style encourages risk taking
Staff has innovation champions
Resources invests heavily but appropriately
Shared values possesses a shared value
Strategic performances

Idea spurring questions

Two other uses?
Adapt?
Modify?
Magnify?
Substitute?
Rearrange?
Reverse?
Combine?

Creative thinking

involves calling into question the assumptions underlying our customary, habitual ways of thinking and acting and then being ready to think and act differently on the basis of the critical questioning.

Components of Critical Thinking

Identifying and challenging assumptions.
Recognizing the importance of context.
Imagining and exploring alternatives.
Developing reflective skepticism.

Creative Thinkers do what?

Consider rejecting standardized formats for problem solving.
Have an interest in a wide range of related and divergent fields.
Take multiple perspectives on a problem.
Use trial-and-error methods in their experimentation.
Have a future orientation.
Have self-confidence and trust in their own judgment.

Critical Thinking Involves (what you do during critical thinking)

Recognizing underlying assumptions.
Scrutinizing arguments.
Judging ideas.
Judging the rationality of these justifications by comparing them to a range of varying interpretations and prospective.
Providing positive as well as negative appraisal.

\_____ is the process of generating something new, something original that has value to an individual, a group, an organization , an industry, or a society.

Creativity

\______ is something original that has value.

A creation

People who are consistently turning out creative ideas are sometimes referred to as \_______.

creatives

The product of a creative effort does NOT need to be \________.

a tangible physical object

How many types of creativity are there? What are they?

Two primary types, individual and group/team creativity

What are the primary areas involved in achieving innovative organizational context?

Organization's strategies and purposes
structure
system and processes
leadership style
staff situations
resources available and their allocation
shared values
strategic performance
resources avail

True or False: Never make assumptions about the condition of future factors in the problem situation.

False

What are the two distinct kinds of thought processes?

divergent, convergent

What does divergent thinking mean?

expanding the picture of the problem, looking at it from various points of view, generating options for solving it.

What is convergent thinking mean?

Narrowing down the problem and related parts of its solution.

Assumption Reversal

listing all assumptions about the problem, then reversing them and trying to solve the problem. You're trying to recognize limitations of the solutions you come up with.

Analyzing the Environment

1-Hire futurists and other consultants
2-Monitor weak signals
3-Opportunity Searches

Consensus Building (problem identifying)

voting in a democratic manner, everyone works to get to get a mutually acceptable solution

Experience Kit (problem identifying)

putting problem solvers through an experience that causes them to understand the problem better

Fishbone/Ishikawa Diagram (problem identifying)

exercise that lists all possible causes and effects of the problem at hand

King of the Mountain (problem identifying)

one or two individuals take a position on what the problem is, and other members try to come up with a better one

Questions (problem identifying)

What do you know?
What patterns exist?

Why-why diagram (problem identifying)

identifies the causes of a problem in a systematic way, asking why each time, Diagram moves from L to R. Traditional decision tree.

Alternative Methods (problem identifying)

Redefining a problem or opportunity
Rewrite Objectives in Different Ways

Analogies and Metaphors (generating alternatives)

helps one identify problems and understand them better.

Analysis of Past Solutions (generating alternatives)

Learning from failures, know what to do and not do

Association (generating alternatives)

Making a mental connection between two objects or ideas. They must be related in some manner

Free Association (generating alternatives)

Just getting as many ideas as possible on the white board. You're looking for thoughts

Attribute Association Chains (generating alternatives)

technique begins with a list of the attributes of a problem. You free associate on each attribute to generate ideas about the problem.

Attribute Listing (generating alternatives)

consists of listing all the attributes or qualities of a problem, object. Then, they systematically analyzes each attribute or group

Back to the Customers (generating alternatives)

turns our attention from production problems to marketing problems.

Back to the Sun (generating alternatives)

for each elements you can trace a process back to natural resources and ultimately the sun

Circle of Opportunity (generating alternatives)

randomly selecting problem attributes and combining them to create a topic for a brainstorming session.

Computer Program (generating alternatives)

using software programs, help with generating new ideas, helping structure problem solving process, and asking new questions.

Deadlines (generating alternatives)

some people claim they work better under pressure

Direct Analogies (generating alternatives)

knowledge/facts/technology from one field is applied to another.

Establish Idea sources (generating alternatives)

getting info from magazines, websites, books

Examine it with the senses (generating alternatives)

using hearing, sight, touch, smell, taste

The FCB Grid (generating alternatives)

Developed by Richard Vaughn. 4 cell matrix used to describe management and marketing concepts. Examples of terms used along axis: high and low involvement (describes pricing) on other axis think and feel (describes consumer involvment). Example found on-line placed items like perfume, automobiles, life insurance, clothes pins on the grid in 4 quadrants.

The Focused - Object Technique (generating alternatives)

contains elements of both free associations and forced relationships.

Fresh Eye (generating alternatives)

bringing in someone from the outside who doesn't know anything about the problem

Googlestorming (generating alternatives)

using search engine to help spread your thinking.

Idea Bits and Racking (generating alternatives)

Taking idea bits ( or ideas generated in individual or group session) and using a specially designed racking board.

Input-Output (generating alternatives)

Helps identify new wars to accomplish an objective, Defining a dynamic system by it's input, output, and limiting requirements.

Mind Mapping (generating alternatives)

Made by Tony Buzan, hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole

Music (generating alternatives)

Puts analytical side of brain to sleep; intuitive side of function

Name Possible Uses (generating alternatives)

provides solutions to a whole array of problems

The Napoleon Technique (generating alternatives)

assuming that you are someone famous, might help you

What are the three forms of applied thinking that we all need?

decision making, problem solving and creative thinking

What is the different between problem solving and creative thinking?

Object of problem solving is usually a solution, answer, or conclusion. Outcome of creative thinking is new ideas.

What are the two aspects of the mind?

Information it can store in memory, and what it can do. Professional knowledge includes both.

How many cells does your brain have?

10,000 million. Each can link with 10,000 of its neighbors.

What are the three main functions of the mind?

analyzing, synthesizing and imagining, and valuing

What are the three forms of applied effective thinking?

decision making, problem solving, creative or innovative thinking

Analyzing is closely related to...

logical or step-by-step reasoning by breaking down individual parts (reverse of synthesizing)

What are the two main parts of logic?

deduction and induction

deduction

process of inferring or verifying a general law or principle from the observation of particular instances - core of the "scientific method"

induction

any form of reasoning in which the conclusion, though supported by the premises, does not follow from them necessarily.

What is synthesizing?

putting or placing things together to make a whole. (reverse of analyzing)

What does "holistic dimension" mean?

The ability of the minds to think in terms of wholes. (as well as analytically, taking the wholes into bits)

Where is the "valuing" function used?

In criticism, criteria, evaluating, appraising

What are the elements of "valuing"?

Object element (outside yourself) and subjective one. We can all judge and evaluate objective things, but what we actually value, "our values and morals" depends on our environment and culture, thus making it subjective

What is the Depth of Mind Principle?

The principle that allows us to analyze, synthesize and value in our sleep, or when we are doing something quite different. Depth of Mind principle is also the source of intuition - that sixth sense.

According to Adair, what are the five steps of effective decision making?

1) Define the objective
2) Collect relevant information
3)Generate feasible options
4) Make the decision
5) Implement and evaluation

Discuss Step 1 of 5 Steps of Effective Decision Making.

Know what you're trying to achieves

Discuss Step 2 of 5 Steps of Effective Decision Making.

Collect the information that will help you make your decision, being careful not to confuse "available and relevant" information

What is the Information Overload Syndrome?

Where managers are overwhelmed by the massive availability of information.

What is the lobster pot model? Which step of the effective decision making model does it pertain to?

narrowing down choice options, using the principle that it is easier to falsify something than to verify it; step 3

What are four things you should consider to help you make a decision in a complex case?

listing advantages/disadvantages, examining the consequences of each course, testing the proposed course against the yardstick of your aim or objective, weighing the risks against the expected gains.

What are the two forms of consequence?

manifest consequences- you foresee when you make your decision;
latent consequences - not nearly as probable to foresee (may trigger more problems)

What is the difference between a bad and a wrong decision?

Wrong decision - fault lies within the method. Bad - something was deliberately ignored

What is the difference between outcome and process?

Outcomes cannot always be controlled, but the process can. Knowing how to avoid "bad mistakes" in the process can lead to better outcomes

When is implementation part of the decision making process rather than the end of it?

Your valuing faculty will come into play to evaluate the decision, the data informs the Depth mind, and it constitutes experience.

What are the three elements/variables involving leadership?

The leader - quality of personality or character; the situation - partly constant, partly varying; the group - the followers, their needs and values.