Important Figures in Russian History

Alexander II

Tsar of Russia, known as the "Tsar Liberator" for emancipating the serfs in 1861. Initiated sweeping reforms in government, law, military, and education but became increasingly conservative after an assassination attempt in 1866. Assassinated by the radical group People's Will in 1881.

Milyutin (1816–1912)

Minister of War (1861–1881). Key architect of military reforms: reduced service years, improved training, promoted merit-based advancement. Believed reform was crucial to modernize Russia's military and win future wars.

Count Melikov (1823–1888)

Appointed in 1880 to lead counter-terrorism and proposed moderate liberal reforms. His plans were cut short by Alexander II’s assassination.

Dmitri Tolstoy (1828–1910)

Minister of Education. Reversed earlier reforms post-1866, reinstating church control and suppressing liberal thought in schools.