Studied by 0 people
sad beige babies
trait
specific characteristic of an individual
gene
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
DNA
the chemical code that controls your thoughts
Heredity
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Hybrid
plants produce by crossing purebred parent plants that each have a different form of the same trait
dominant trait
characteristic shown in the hybrid generation
recessive trait
hidden in the hybrid generation and appears in later generations only when no dominant factor is inherited
Phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype
genetic combination
Purebred
plants that show the same trait for many generations when pollinated naturally
Codominant
both genes are expressed
incomplete dominance
genes seems to blend in one generation
Pedigree
traces a particular trait
genetic engineering
changing a gene or moving an organism into another organism
Relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes
Genes are small sections of DNA. DNA is the chemical code. Chromosomes contain DNA.
Examples of inherited traits
Traits like eye color, hair color, height, or structural body parts.
Contributions of James Watson and Francis Crick
discovered the shape of the DNA molecule
Structure of DNA molecule
double helix
Contributions of George Mendel
he experimented with purebred plants.
Mendel's experiments with peas-
he did cross and self-pollination
Differences between dominant and recessive genes-
Dominant is always there. Recessive is rarer.
Using Punnett squares-
How can doctors calculate the probability of a child inheriting a disease?
Filled in Box- male w/ trait or disease
Examples of sex-linked traits
color blindness and hemophilia
Characteristics and examples of genetic diseases
sickle cell anemia, down syndrome
Advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering
Advantages : Helps provide insulin for diabetics, animals grow faster, gene therapy, plants require less water. Disadvantages: Plants taste bad, animals could get diseases
sickle cell anemia
red blood cells assume an abnormal sickle shape
cystic fibrosis
mucus in lungs
Down Syndrome
when a chromosome makes a copy of itself which causes genetic disabilities
aurora
energy emitted in the form of beautiful colors of light
chromosphere
the sun's atmosphere
photosphere
sun's surface
corona
the outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere/ "the crown"
ISS
International Space Station/ 16 different countries
Outer Planets
The gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
Inner Planets
Terrestrial Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Probe
an unmanned research spacecraft sent beyond Earth's orbit
satellite
Any object that orbits around another object in space
space shuttle
A reusable spacecraft designed to transport people and cargo between Earth and space.
Stars _____ their own light
produce
A planet must orbit the _________
Sun
A planet must be big enough for its own _________
Gravity
a planet must keep the shape of a _________
Sphere
sunspots
dark spots on the photosphere of the sun
Kuiper Belt
small, icy objects including Pluto
Rotation
a complete spin on an axis
revolution
each orbit a planet makes around the sun
Solar eclipse
when the moon passes between the Earth and the Sun
lunar eclipse
moon passes through the shadow of the Earth
Wernher von Braun
helped develop rockets for space travel
Neil Armstrong
first man to walk on the moon
Robert Goddard
launched the first liquid-fueled rocket
What determines the seasons on Earth?
the tilt of the Earth as it revolves around the sun
Mercury
planet closest to the Sun
Venus
planet closest to Earth
Venus
called Earth's twin
Jupiter
Known for its Great Red Spot
Saturn
Known for its Rings
Mars
Planet most like Earth
Neptune
planet with the most violent weather
asteroid belt
area between Mars and Jupiter
gravity
keeps the planets orbiting around the Sun
moon's phases
different areas of the moon's surface lighted
they are spherical / mostly round
differences between a dwarf planet and a planet
dwarfs planets share an orbit while planets do not
Why is Pluto not a planet?
It does not orbit the sun.
magnitude
the brightness of a star
apparent magnitude
the brightness of a star when viewed from Earth
absolute magnitude
how bright a star actually is
Light-year
The distance that light travels in one year
Parallax
the apparent change in position of a star in relationship to other stars
Variable star
stars that regularly or repeatedly change in magnitude
nebula
a cloud of dust, gases, and debris
neutron star
may occur when a supergiant collapses to a very dense core
pulsar
a neutron star that spins rapidly on its axis
black hole
supergiant star that collapses and disappears from space
constellation
a group of stars that form a pattern
circumpolar constellations
constellations that revolve around the North Star
astronamy
the study of stars and planets
Redshift
shift of light to a longer wavelength as it moves away
binary system
2 stars held together by gravity
multiple star groups
three or four stars held together by gravity
star cluster
a large group of stars held together by gravity
galaxy
a huge star system that covers many light-years of space
asteroid
irregularly shaped pieces of rocks, metal, and dust
meteoroid
a rocky object in space that is smaller than an asteroid
meteor
when a meteoroid enters earths atmosphere
meteorite
A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface.
comet
An icy chunk of frozen gases, water, and dust that continually orbits the sun.
How do stars produce light?
nuclear fusion
relationship between stars an their colors and temperatures
blue-color of the brightest stars
Types and sizes of stars
dwarfs, giants, supergiants
Difference between eclipsing and pulsating stars
eclisping- 2 pairs are rotating each other
pulsating- stays on its own axis & pulse
What causes a nova?
one stars gravity pulls gases from the other star
Problems with astrology
People find guidance in stars but the should rely on God instead
Identify and describe instruments used to study stars
Reflecting telescope - uses mirrors to effect light to make objects appear bigger
Relationship of the Milky Way to Local Group
he local group is a cluster of galaxies traveling together through space. the Milky Way is one galaxy in the local group.
If you use a horoscope are you a real christian?
No because you should rely on God not stars.
mechanical energy
the ability to make something move
Note
Flashcard