EES 1002 - Exam 1

What percentage of coal cannot be burned?

82%

What percentage of gas cannot be burned?

49%

What percentage of oil cannot be burned?

33%

How much has the average global temperature increased since the 1880s?

2 degrees Celsius

What is the estimated human population on Earth?

8 billion

What is the primary reason for climate change?

fossil fuel burning

Which company is the largest seller of electric vehicles?

BYD

What desert did the Aral Sea turn into?

Aralkum Desert

When did the awareness of environmental issues rise?

1800s

What revolution caused environmental concerns to rise?

industrial revolution

People noticed the environmental concerns when their tires and walls were covered in _____.

soot

What is soot?

combusted coal

Who was Theodore Roosevelt's conservation advisor?

Gifford Pinchot

Which president was considered the "conservationist"?

Theodore Roosevelt

How many acres did the Pinchot Policy protect?

250 million

Which policy is reflected today in multiple-use policies in the US Forest Service?

Pinchot Policy

Who thought nature should exist for its own sake?

John Muir

Which park was the first national park to ever be made (1872)?

Yellowstone

When was Yellowstone National Park established?

1872

Who wrote the book that awakened the public to the environmental threats posed by pesticides (especially DDT)?

Rachel Carson

What is the name of the book that Rachel Carson wrote that awakened the public to the environmental threats posed by pesticides (specifically targeted towards DDT)?

Silent Spring

When did Silent Spring come out?

1962

Which pesticide was banned in 1972 because of its harmful effects on the environment (especially on carnivorous birds)?

DDT

Which president read Silent Spring (1962)?

JFK

Who argued in "The Land Ethic" that humans should not be viewed as conquerors of the land but as citizens of it?

Aldo Leopold

Who spent their entire career at parks (national/state/etc)?

Aldo Leopold

What did Aldo Leopold exterminate but saw the effects of in the environment?

Coyotes

Who stated that animals are neither good nor bad?

Aldo Leopold

What led to the Soil Conservation Act of 1935?

1930s Dust Bowl

Which state had a major drought in the late 1800s - early 1900s?

Oklahoma

What grassland has deep roots and fertile soil

prairie

Who founded the Green Belt Movement?

Wangari Maathai

Who organized many poor African women to restore the local environment by planting trees and promoting justice and equality, as well as how to properly take care of resources in rural villages?

Wangari Maathai

How much of the global population used to be in extreme poverty?

1/3

Approximately how many people worldwide are in extreme poverty?

689 million

Approximately what percentage of people worldwide are in extreme poverty (earning < $1.90 (US))?

9%

People who are malnourished and ill cannot work productively and raise healthy children. What is this a cycle of?

Cycle of Poverty

What DDT pesticide did people lather on themselves the most?

Mosquito DDT

How much of the world's population lives in countries with a per capita income > $46,000 (U.S.) per year?

1/5

In the least developed countries, what is the poverty index?

60%

In the least developed countries, what is the GDP/Person in US dollars?

$1006

In the most developed countries, what is the poverty index?

0%

In the most developed countries, what is the GDP/Person in US dollars?

$46165

In the least developed countries, what is the life expectancy?

58 years

In the most developed countries, what is the life expectancy?

81 years

In the least developed countries, what is the percentage of adult literacy?

58%

In the most developed countries, what is the percentage of adult literacy?

99%

In the least developed countries, what is the percentage of females who go to secondary school?

11%

In the most developed countries, what is the percentage of females who go to secondary school?

95%

True or False: Most developed countries produce more CO2/Capita (13 tons) compared to the least developed countries (0.2 tons)?

True

A term generally used to describe a nation with a low level of material well-being.

Developing country

A term to determine what actions are right and wrong.

Ethics

A term that describes extending moral values to others

Moral Extensionism

A measure of the worth of something

value

Intrinsic right to exist or innate worth

inherent value

The value that items are worth something only because they are of use to or valued by another person

Instrumental Value

What is the field this phrase is for: "Which polices lead to sustainable solutions?"

Political Science

What is the field this phrase is for: "How do people adopt new ideas?"

Sociology

What is the field this phrase is for: "What urban designs can reduce energy use?"

Urban Planning

What is the field this phrase is for: "Can we design better vehicles?"

Engineering

What is the field this phrase is for: "What are the benefits and costs of energy sources?"

Economics

What is the field this phrase is for: "How does energy production affect population?"

Ecology

What is the field this phrase is for: "How can we make better batteries?"

Chemistry

A cumulative body of knowledge produced by many scientists

Science

A process for producing knowledge methodically and logically

Science

What percentage of relevant scientific papers support anthropogenic global warming?

97.1%

Correctness of measurements

accuracy

Repeatability of results

reproduction

A testable explanation

hypothesis

Involves observation of events that have already happened

natural experiment

What was the peppered moth an example of?

natural selection

Comparing a treatment group to a control group which has not received the treatment

controlled study

Who made the wind speed probability model?

Montecarlo

The ____ consists of complex, interlinked systems, where materials and energy flow from one component of the system to another.

environment

A geographical system

ecosystem

self-perpetuating process, an increase in a variable leads to further increases in it

positive feedback loop

Suppresses change within a system, helps to maintain stability

negative feedback loop

Does a negative or positive feedback loop helps/maintains stability?

negative feedback loop

What was the "account balance grows" and "more interest earned" an example of?

positive feedback loop

What was the body temperature rise, sweat, and body temperature drops an example of?

negative feedback loop

___ serves as a primary fuel for all metabolic processes.

Glucose

How animals obtain their energy

cellular repiration

glucose + oxygen --> ? + ?

carbon dioxide + water

Use of energy released by inorganic chemical reactions to produce food--important in deep-sea communities.

chemosynthesis

Linked feeding series

food web

What are plants, algae, and bacteria an example of?

producers

What are primary consumers?

herbivores

What are secondary consumers?

carnivores

What are tertiary consumers?

apex predators

Productivity

The amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given period of time.

Primary Productivity

photosynthesis, which is the basis for all other growth in an ecosystem

Secondary productivity

manufacture of biomass by organisms that eat plants

Relative biomass

accumulation of major ecosystems

Biomass is ___

dependent on primary productivity.

What are limiting factors?

nutrients in open oceans (comparing to central aquatic)

What does an ecosystem have most of?

producers

What was a clover an example of?

10% rule (Energy/Biomass transfer)

What was a rabbit an example of?

10% rule (Energy/Biomass transfer)

What was a fox an example of?

10% rule (Energy/Biomass transfer)

Energy is lost as heat in ____ processes

metabolic