Viral Replication

Define a susceptible cell

the cell may or may not be able to support viral replication

Define a resistant cell

the cell may or may not be competent to support viral replication

Define a permissive cell

it may or may not be susceptible

Define a susceptible and permissive cell

the only cell that can take up virus and replicate it

In this subject, are viruses referred to as parasites?

no

Where were viruses cultured prior to the development of cell culture?

chicken eggs

animal models

What are the two key animal models?

Non-human primates

Mice

What are cell lines?

a collection of cells grown from the same single cellular lineage

What’s a primary vs immortalised cell line?

A primary cell line is taken from the multicellular organism directly, whereas an immortalised cell line is

How are immortalised cells created?

from cancer cells

or genetic modification

What are CPE/Cytopathic effects?

What is syncytia?

Viral cells fusing with uninfected cells

What is the first step of viral replication?

Attachment to the host cell via lock and key

What are the 5 major steps of viral replication?

1. Attachment

2. Entry/Penetration

3. Nucleic acid & protein synthesis

4. Assembly of virions

5. Release

How do bacteriopages attach

How do enveloped viruses attach

How do Non-enveloped viruses attach

What are the mechanisms of viral entry?

Fusion

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Both

Describe fusion entry

Describe receptor-mediated endocytosis entry

Whats an endosome

membrane-bound vesicles that have a very important role in the endocytic pathway

How does the influx of protons cause the degradion of endosomes?

Changes the conformational shape, exposing the fusion protein

Where do the majority of RNA viruses replicate

the cytosol

What do RNA viruses have to also deliver?

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

Where do DNA virus typically replicate?

In the nucleus

Whats the diferrenec between budding and lysis