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Black Plague disease agent
Bacteria (Yersinia pestis)
Black Plague Arthropod vector
Oriental Rat Flea and other fleas
Black Plague method of human exposure
Infected flea bites and feeds on human and feces on skin
Malaria disease agent
Protozoan (Plasmodium spp.)
Malaria Arthropod vector
mosquito
Malaria method of human exposure
Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human
Yellow Fever Disease Agent
Virus
Yellow fever arthropod vector
Yellow fever mosquito
Yellow Fever method of human exposure
Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human
African Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis) disease agent
Protozoan (Trypanosoma brucei)
African Sleeping sickness arthropod vector
tsetse fly
African sleeping sickness
Infected Tsetse fly bites and feeds on human
Epidemic Typhus disease agent
bacteria (rickettsia prowazekii)
Epidemic Typhus arthropod vector
human body louse
Epidemic Typhus method to human exposure
Infected body louse defecates on skin while feeding, human scratches the feces with bacteria into skin wounds
Zika disease agent
virus
Zika arthropod vector
mosquito
Zika method to human exposure
Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human
Lyme disease agent
Bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Lyme disease arthropod vector
Deer or blacklegged Tick
Lyme disease method to human exposure
Infected tick bites and feeds on human
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever disease agent
Bacteria (Rickettsia rickettsia)
Rocky Mountain spotted fever arthropod vector
American Dog tick
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever method to human exposure
Infected tick bites and feeds on human
Heart Worm disease agent
Nematode (Roundworm) (Dirofilaria immitis)
Heart Worm arthropod vector
mosquito
Heart Worm method for human exposure
Infected Mosquito bites and feeds on dog or catWe
West Nile Virus disease agent
Virus
West Nile Virus arthropod agent
mosquito
west Nile virus method for human exposure
Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human
Eastern Equine Encephalitis disease agent
Virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis arthropod vector
mosquito
Eastern Equine Encephalitis method for human exposure
Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human
Dog Tapeworm disease agent
Tapeworm (Diphylidium caninum)
Dog tapeworm arthropod vector
dog or cat flea
Dog tapeworm method for human exposure
Dog swallows infected flea
Chaga’s Disease disease agent
Protozoan (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Chaga’s Disease arthropod vector
Kissing bug
Chaga’s disease method for human exposure
Feces of infected bug are rubbed into mucus membranes or scratched into skin
Delusional parasitosis
Ekbom’s Syndrome
Delusions of parasites crawling on or under the skin
Numerous visits to doctors and dermatologists
Bring small particles, dust, skin flakes and other material for the doctor to inspect.
Severe cases – patients will dig at their skin until they bleed
Usually end up with bacterial infections
Myasis
infection of a fly larva in human tissue
Venom vs Poison
Venom is introduced via a wound
Poison doesn’t require a wound and can be absorbed, inhaled or ingested
Piperidine alkaloids
venom compound
Melittin
(peptide in bee venom) – used to treat inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis – inhibits gene expression
Cantharidin
(defensive compound of some beetles – Meloidae and Cantharidae) – used to treat warts
Meloidae – blister beetles
used to treat warts
Cantharidae – Soldier beetles
used to treat warts
Drosophila melanogaster
model organism for genetic research
Microcephaly
serious birth defect caused by Zika
Mechanical transfer
causative agent is passively transferred from host to host w/o increasing in number w/in the vector (dysentery, cholera, etc.)
Biological transfer
causative agent is actively transferred from host to host and increases in number (replicates) w/in the vector (malaria, Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, etc.)