Terms for Quiz 2

Black Plague disease agent

Bacteria (Yersinia pestis)

Black Plague Arthropod vector

Oriental Rat Flea and other fleas

Black Plague method of human exposure

Infected flea bites and feeds on human and feces on skin

Malaria disease agent

Protozoan (Plasmodium spp.)

Malaria Arthropod vector

mosquito

Malaria method of human exposure

Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human

Yellow Fever Disease Agent

Virus

Yellow fever arthropod vector

Yellow fever mosquito

Yellow Fever method of human exposure

Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human

African Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis) disease agent

Protozoan (Trypanosoma brucei)

African Sleeping sickness arthropod vector

tsetse fly

African sleeping sickness

Infected Tsetse fly bites and feeds on human

Epidemic Typhus disease agent

bacteria (rickettsia prowazekii)

Epidemic Typhus arthropod vector

human body louse

Epidemic Typhus method to human exposure

Infected body louse defecates on skin while feeding, human scratches the feces with bacteria into skin wounds

Zika disease agent

virus

Zika arthropod vector

mosquito

Zika method to human exposure

Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human

Lyme disease agent

Bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Lyme disease arthropod vector

Deer or blacklegged Tick

Lyme disease method to human exposure

Infected tick bites and feeds on human

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever disease agent

Bacteria (Rickettsia rickettsia)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever arthropod vector

American Dog tick

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever method to human exposure

Infected tick bites and feeds on human

Heart Worm disease agent

Nematode (Roundworm) (Dirofilaria immitis)

Heart Worm arthropod vector

mosquito

Heart Worm method for human exposure

Infected Mosquito bites and feeds on dog or catWe

West Nile Virus disease agent

Virus

West Nile Virus arthropod agent

mosquito

west Nile virus method for human exposure

Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human

Eastern Equine Encephalitis disease agent

Virus

Eastern Equine Encephalitis arthropod vector

mosquito

Eastern Equine Encephalitis method for human exposure

Infected mosquito bites and feeds on human

Dog Tapeworm disease agent

Tapeworm (Diphylidium caninum)

Dog tapeworm arthropod vector

dog or cat flea

Dog tapeworm method for human exposure

Dog swallows infected flea

Chaga’s Disease disease agent

Protozoan (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Chaga’s Disease arthropod vector

Kissing bug

Chaga’s disease method for human exposure

Feces of infected bug are rubbed into mucus membranes or scratched into skin

Delusional parasitosis

• Ekbom’s Syndrome

• Delusions of parasites crawling on or under the skin

• Numerous visits to doctors and dermatologists

• Bring small particles, dust, skin flakes and other material for the doctor to inspect.

• Severe cases – patients will dig at their skin until they bleed

• Usually end up with bacterial infections

Myasis

infection of a fly larva in human tissue

Venom vs Poison

• Venom is introduced via a wound

• Poison doesn’t require a wound and can be absorbed, inhaled or ingested

Piperidine alkaloids

venom compound

Melittin

(peptide in bee venom) – used to treat inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis – inhibits gene expression

Cantharidin

(defensive compound of some beetles – Meloidae and Cantharidae) – used to treat warts

Meloidae – blister beetles

used to treat warts

Cantharidae – Soldier beetles

used to treat warts

Drosophila melanogaster

model organism for genetic research

Microcephaly

serious birth defect caused by Zika

Mechanical transfer

causative agent is passively transferred from host to host w/o increasing in number w/in the vector (dysentery, cholera, etc.)

Biological transfer

causative agent is actively transferred from host to host and increases in number (replicates) w/in the vector (malaria, Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, etc.)