Human Body Systems Overview

What do carbohydrates do?

energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism, participate in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, and help with fermentation

What is the digestive system?

a group of organs that work together to break down food

State the five main types of nutrients

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and
minerals

Define alveoli

Microscopic air sacs in lungs that are where diffusion (exchanges of gases) occurs with blood vessels.

Define diaphragm

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

How does the diaphragm work?

diaphragm contracts down, air sucked in. diaphragm relaxes up, air pushed out

What is the circulatory system?

The system that controls the steady movement of blood through the body

What are the parts of the circulatory system?

heart, blood vessels, blood

What does blood do?

Carries materials to cells and carries waste products away from cells.

What are the parts of the heart?

left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

What are the three types of blood vessels?

arteries, veins, capillaries

What are arteries?

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

What are capillaries?

Microscopic, one cell-thick vessels that connect arterioles and venules

What are veins?

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

veins

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

How do veins regulate blood pressure?

The compression of muscles around them

How do arteries regulate blood pressure?

They are thicker and more elastic to manage the high pressures

What are the five main types of nutrients

Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals

What does fibre do in the body?

Keeps the digestive system healthy

What do lipids do?

help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones and make up the cell membrane

What does protein do?

build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes

What do vitamins do?

regulate body processes

What do minerals do?

work with vitamins to ensure proper body functioning

Define fibre

the indigestible parts or compounds of plants, which pass relatively unchanged through our stomach and intestines

What does fibre do?

Keeps the digestive system healthy

Where does digestion begin?

mouth

what is the difference between chemical and physical digestion?

Chemical digestion is the breaking down of the bonds in food to convert them into organic molecules. Physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food.

Define salivary glands

make saliva, which aids in digestion, keeps your mouth moist and supports healthy teeth

Define the oesophagus.

25 cm tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Define stomach

muscular sac in the digestive system that breaks down material into a liquid-like material

What happens in the stomach?

Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsin to break down connective tissue in food. The stomach stores food and releases it in small amounts as a substance called Chyme.

define pancreas

a gland, situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid (pancreatic juice) into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.

define gall bladder

organ that stores bile

Define liver

largest internal organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

Define duodenum

first section of the small intestine (about 10cm)

Define small intestine

The tubular digestive organ, where most food is broken down absorbed and into the organism, specifically, maltose down into glucose, due to the secretion of digestive enzymes, namely maltase. It is situated between the stomach and large intestine , with three sections: duodenum, jejunum and the ilium.

What is the alimentary canal?

the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

What is the respiratory system?

This system keeps the body's cells supplied with oxygen & removes carbon dioxide as it is released from cells.

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles

Define nasal cavity

hollow space behind the nose

Define pharynx

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

Define larynx

the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

Define trachea

The windpipe--the passageway from the throat to the lungs

Define bronchi

the passageways that connect your windpipe to your lungs. You have two main bronchi in your right and left lungs that divide and branch off into smaller segments, like tree branches.

Define bronchioles

Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

Define lungs

Organ responsible for internal gas exchange

Define alveoli

Microscopic air sacs in lungs that are where diffusion (exchanges of gases) occurs with blood vessels.

How are the circulatory and respiratory systems connected?

The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system transports those gases throughout the body.

Define excretory system

Filter water and fluids from the blood and remove waste products from the body

What does the kidney do?

remove waste products from the blood and produce urine

What does the skeletal system do?

supports and protects tissues, stores calcium and minerals, forms blood cells

Define bone marrow

a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced

Study this diagram

Study this diagram!

function of reproductive system

production of sex cells and hormones

Name the parts of the male reproductive system

Testes, Seminal vesicles, Penis and Scrotum

Name the parts of the female reproductive system

ovary, ovum, uterus, oviduct, vagina

What do the testes do?

produce sperm and testosterone

What do the seminal vesicles do?

produce a fluid that is high in fructose, a sugar that provides nutrients for sperm cells, as well as other proteins, enzymes, and mucus

what does the penis do?

Surrounds most of urethra, releases urine and semen to the outside of the body.

What does the scrotum do?

holds testes

what does sperm do?

Delivers the nucleus from the father to the egg.

What does the ovary do?

produces eggs

What does the oviduct do?

transport eggs from ovary to uterus

What does the uterus do?

receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

What does the vagina do?

provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a woman's monthly period. receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into the uterus. provides a passageway for childbirth.

What is an ovum?

human egg

Name number 1

cranium

Name number 2

mandible

name number 3

clavicle

name number 4

scapula

name number 5

ribs

name number 6

ulna

name number 7

radius

name number 8

pelvis

name number 9

coccyx

name number 10

metacarpals

name number 11

femur

name number 12

fibula

name number 13

tibia

name number 14

metatarsals

name number 15

phalanges

name number 16

tarsals

name number 17

patella

name number 18

phalanges

name number 19

carpals

name number 20

sacrum

name number 21

lumbar vertabrae

name number 22

thoracic vertabrae

name number 23

humerus

name number 24

sternum

name number 25

cervical verte

What are the parts of the excretory system?

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra

name number 3

renal artery

name number 4

kidney

name number 5

ureter

name number 6

urinary bladder

Name number 7

Urethra

Which number represents the renal artery?

3

Which number represents the kidney?

4