MICROPARA LAB

Saccharomyces

Budding (conidia-like), used in baking and brewing, non-pathogenic

Nitrosomonas

Oxidizes ammonia into nitrites.

Nitrobacter

Oxidizes nitrites into nitrates.

Rhizobium

Fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes.

Thiobacillus ferooxidans

Oxidizes sulfur and produces sulfuric acid.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Noted as a pathogen associated with pneumonia.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Identified in the file under pathogenic bacteria causing pneumonia.

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Commonly found in the human gut as part of the normal flora.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Causes gonorrhea

Treponema pallidum

Causes syphilis

Escherichia coli

Facultative anaerobe, motile, normal gut flora, causes UTIs and gastroenteritis

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, catalase and coagulase positive, causes skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, TSS; facultative anaerobe

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gram-positive cocci in chains, β-hemolytic, Group A Strep, causes pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever; facultative anaerobe

Vibrio cholerae

Comma-shaped, single polar flagellum, causes cholera

Bacillus subtilis

Gram-positive rod, spore-forming, aerobic, rarely pathogenic, model organism, produces endospores

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Aerobic, motile, produces pigments (pyocyanin), causes opportunistic infections

Haemophilus Influenzae

Coccobacillus, requires X and V factors for growth, causes meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia

Trichophyton

Conidiospores, dermatophyte, causes ringworm/tinea infections

Candida albicans

Conidiospores (budding yeast), dimorphic, part of normal flora but opportunistic

Aspergillus

Conidiospores, filamentous, causes aspergillosis, produces aflatoxins

Penicillium

Conidiospores, antibiotic producer, bluish-green colonies

Rhizopus

Sporangiospores, bread mold, fast-growing, causes mucormycosis

Plasmodium ringform (trophozoite)

Human blood & liver, sporozoite, bite of Anopheles mosquito, causes malaria: chills, fever, anemia; vector-borne

Entamoeba histolytica

Intestines, cyst, fecal-oral (contaminated food/water), causes amoebiasis: diarrhea, dysentery, liver abscess; invasive amoeba

Giardia lamblia

Small intestine, cyst, fecal-oral, causes giardiasis: greasy stool, bloating, nausea; flagellated

Balantidium coli

Colon, cyst, fecal-oral (pigs are reservoir), causes balantidiasis: diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, colitis; only ciliated protozoan infecting humans

Trypanosoma

Bloodstream Trypomastigote, bite of tsetse fly (African) or reduviid bug (American), causes sleeping sickness or Chagas disease: fever, CNS effects, headache, dizziness

Paramecium

Freshwater (non-pathogenic), model ciliate

Euglena

Freshwater, non-pathogenic, has chloroplasts (photosynthetic)

Ascaris lumbricoides

Giant roundworm, route of infection: ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated soil, food, or water

Infective Stage

Embryonated egg

Disease: Ascariasis

Stomach pain and occasional diarrhea

Vector

None (soil-transmitted)

Enterobius vermicularis

Pinworm, seatworm

Route of Infection

Ingestion of embryonated eggs, often through hand-to-mouth contact after scratching the perianal area or contact with contaminated surfaces.

Disease: Enterobiasis, oxyuriasis

Perianal itching (pruritus ani), restlessness, insomnia, and abdominal discomfort

Necator americanus

New World Hookworm

Ancystoloma duodenale

Old World Hookworm

Disease: Necatoriasis

Hookworm infection - epigastric pain and tenderness, nausea, exertional dyspnea, pain in lower extremities and in joints, sternal pain, headache, fatigue, and impotence

Strongyloides stercoralis

Threadworm

Disease: Strongyloidiasis

Skin rashes, gastrointestinal issues like abdominal pain and diarrhea, and in some cases, pulmonary symptoms like cough

Trichuris trichiuria

Whipworm

Disease: Trichuriasis

Whipworm infection - abdominal pain, anorexia, and diarrhea; weight loss, anemia, and rectal prolapse

Capillaria philippinensis

Pudoc worm (named after Pudoc, Philippines where it was discovered)

Disease: Intestinal capillariasis

Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmi (rumbling sounds in the abdomen), weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, and bipedal edema (swelling in the feet)

Trichiniella spiralis

Pork worm

Disease: Trichinellosis

Diarrhea (loose stool/poop), nausea (feeling of sickness in the stomach), fatigue, and stomach pain

Wuchereria bancrofti

Bancroft's filarial worm

Disease: Bancroftian filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis

Brugia malayi

Malayan filarial worm

Disease: Malayan filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis - swelling in the legs, but it can also happen to the arms, breasts and genitalia, skin can become hard and thick like an elephant's

Loa loa

African eye worm

Disease

Loiasis - itchy, non-painful swellings (Calabar swellings), eye worms, and generalized itching

Diphyllobothrium latum

Fish tapeworm

Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm

Taenia solium

Pork tapeworm

Echinococcus granulosus

Hydatid worm, dog tapeworm (adult worm in dogs)

Hymenolepis nana

Dwarf tapeworm

Hymenolepis diminuta

Rat tapeworm

Fasciolopsis buski

Giant intestinal fluke

Fasciola hepatica

Sheep liver fluke, common liver fluke

Reservoir host

Sheep and cattle

Fasciola gigantica

Giant liver fluke, tropical liver fluke

Paragonimus westermani

Oriental lung fluke

Echinostoma revolutum

Echinostome, spiny-collared fluke

Heterophyes heterophyes

Heterophyid fluke

Clonorchis sinensis

Chinese liver fluke, Oriental liver fluke

Schistosoma mansoni

Manson's blood fluke

Schistosoma haematobium

Bladder fluke, urinary blood fluke

Schistosoma japonicum

Oriental blood fluke, Japanese blood fluke