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Saccharomyces
Budding (conidia-like), used in baking and brewing, non-pathogenic
Nitrosomonas
Oxidizes ammonia into nitrites.
Nitrobacter
Oxidizes nitrites into nitrates.
Rhizobium
Fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes.
Thiobacillus ferooxidans
Oxidizes sulfur and produces sulfuric acid.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Noted as a pathogen associated with pneumonia.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Identified in the file under pathogenic bacteria causing pneumonia.
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Commonly found in the human gut as part of the normal flora.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Causes gonorrhea
Treponema pallidum
Causes syphilis
Escherichia coli
Facultative anaerobe, motile, normal gut flora, causes UTIs and gastroenteritis
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-positive cocci in clusters, catalase and coagulase positive, causes skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, TSS; facultative anaerobe
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram-positive cocci in chains, β-hemolytic, Group A Strep, causes pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever; facultative anaerobe
Vibrio cholerae
Comma-shaped, single polar flagellum, causes cholera
Bacillus subtilis
Gram-positive rod, spore-forming, aerobic, rarely pathogenic, model organism, produces endospores
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aerobic, motile, produces pigments (pyocyanin), causes opportunistic infections
Haemophilus Influenzae
Coccobacillus, requires X and V factors for growth, causes meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia
Trichophyton
Conidiospores, dermatophyte, causes ringworm/tinea infections
Candida albicans
Conidiospores (budding yeast), dimorphic, part of normal flora but opportunistic
Aspergillus
Conidiospores, filamentous, causes aspergillosis, produces aflatoxins
Penicillium
Conidiospores, antibiotic producer, bluish-green colonies
Rhizopus
Sporangiospores, bread mold, fast-growing, causes mucormycosis
Plasmodium ringform (trophozoite)
Human blood & liver, sporozoite, bite of Anopheles mosquito, causes malaria: chills, fever, anemia; vector-borne
Entamoeba histolytica
Intestines, cyst, fecal-oral (contaminated food/water), causes amoebiasis: diarrhea, dysentery, liver abscess; invasive amoeba
Giardia lamblia
Small intestine, cyst, fecal-oral, causes giardiasis: greasy stool, bloating, nausea; flagellated
Balantidium coli
Colon, cyst, fecal-oral (pigs are reservoir), causes balantidiasis: diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, colitis; only ciliated protozoan infecting humans
Trypanosoma
Bloodstream Trypomastigote, bite of tsetse fly (African) or reduviid bug (American), causes sleeping sickness or Chagas disease: fever, CNS effects, headache, dizziness
Paramecium
Freshwater (non-pathogenic), model ciliate
Euglena
Freshwater, non-pathogenic, has chloroplasts (photosynthetic)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant roundworm, route of infection: ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated soil, food, or water
Infective Stage
Embryonated egg
Disease: Ascariasis
Stomach pain and occasional diarrhea
Vector
None (soil-transmitted)
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm, seatworm
Route of Infection
Ingestion of embryonated eggs, often through hand-to-mouth contact after scratching the perianal area or contact with contaminated surfaces.
Disease: Enterobiasis, oxyuriasis
Perianal itching (pruritus ani), restlessness, insomnia, and abdominal discomfort
Necator americanus
New World Hookworm
Ancystoloma duodenale
Old World Hookworm
Disease: Necatoriasis
Hookworm infection - epigastric pain and tenderness, nausea, exertional dyspnea, pain in lower extremities and in joints, sternal pain, headache, fatigue, and impotence
Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm
Disease: Strongyloidiasis
Skin rashes, gastrointestinal issues like abdominal pain and diarrhea, and in some cases, pulmonary symptoms like cough
Trichuris trichiuria
Whipworm
Disease: Trichuriasis
Whipworm infection - abdominal pain, anorexia, and diarrhea; weight loss, anemia, and rectal prolapse
Capillaria philippinensis
Pudoc worm (named after Pudoc, Philippines where it was discovered)
Disease: Intestinal capillariasis
Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmi (rumbling sounds in the abdomen), weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, and bipedal edema (swelling in the feet)
Trichiniella spiralis
Pork worm
Disease: Trichinellosis
Diarrhea (loose stool/poop), nausea (feeling of sickness in the stomach), fatigue, and stomach pain
Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancroft's filarial worm
Disease: Bancroftian filariasis
Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis
Brugia malayi
Malayan filarial worm
Disease: Malayan filariasis
Lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis - swelling in the legs, but it can also happen to the arms, breasts and genitalia, skin can become hard and thick like an elephant's
Loa loa
African eye worm
Disease
Loiasis - itchy, non-painful swellings (Calabar swellings), eye worms, and generalized itching
Diphyllobothrium latum
Fish tapeworm
Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid worm, dog tapeworm (adult worm in dogs)
Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm
Fasciolopsis buski
Giant intestinal fluke
Fasciola hepatica
Sheep liver fluke, common liver fluke
Reservoir host
Sheep and cattle
Fasciola gigantica
Giant liver fluke, tropical liver fluke
Paragonimus westermani
Oriental lung fluke
Echinostoma revolutum
Echinostome, spiny-collared fluke
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyid fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Chinese liver fluke, Oriental liver fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
Manson's blood fluke
Schistosoma haematobium
Bladder fluke, urinary blood fluke
Schistosoma japonicum
Oriental blood fluke, Japanese blood fluke