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1. The individual
2. The family
3. The population groups (aggregates)
4. The community
LEVELS OF CLIENTELE IN COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
Family
is a group of persons usually living together and composed of the head and the other persons related to the head by blood, marriage, or adoption.
Family
Social unit interacting with the larger society.
Family
characterized by people together
because of birth, marriage, adoption,
or choice.
Family
is composed of two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of the it
Family Nursing
is the practice of nursing directed towards maximizing the health and well-being of all individuals within a family system.
Family Forms
are patterns of people considered by family members to be included in the family.
Family Structure
Made up of individuals and the roles
they play.
Gender awareness
The awareness of the difference in rules and relations between women and men it recognizes that the life experience expectation and needs of women and men are different.
Gender
It is a concept of maleness or femaleness of an individual; it does not focus on the anatomical structure or the physical outlook
-Nuclear Family
-Dyad Family
-Extended Family
-Blended Family
-Compound family
-Cohabiting family
-Single parent
-The gay or lesbian family
TYPES OF FAMILIES
Nuclear Family
defined as the family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation; composed of husband, wife, and their immediate children (natural, adopted, or both)
Dyad Family
consisting of only husband and wife, such as newly married couples and "empty nesters."
Extended Family
consisting of three generations, which may include married siblings and their
families and/or grandparents
Blended Family
which results from a union where on or both spouses bring a child or children from a previous marriage into a new living arrangement.
Compound family
where a man has more than one spouse;
Cohabiting family
which is commonly described as "live-in" arrangement between unmarried couple who are called common-law spouses and their child or children from such an arrangement.
Single parent
which results from the death of a spouse, separation, or pregnancy outside of wedlock
The gay or lesbian family
is made up of a cohabiting couple of
the same sex in a sexual relationship
-Traditional Family
-Two-career Family
-Adolescent family
-Foster family
-Intragenerational family
TYPES OF FAMILIES IN TODAY'S
SOCIETY
Traditional Family
also is a nuclear family
Two-career Family
both mother and father focuses more on their career than that of their offspring.
Adolescent family
Teen parent/Immature parenting
Foster family
Determine who has legal responsibility to sign for health care for the child
Intragenerational family
The chains of relationships between aging parents, adult children and grandchildren
-Patrilineal
-Bilateral
-Matrilineal
TYPES OF FAMILY ACCORDING TO
DESCENT
Patrilineal
affiliates a person with a group of relatives who are related to him through his father
Bilateral
both parents a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth.
It is a family arrangement where descent and inheritance are passed equally through both parents
Matrilineal
Related through the mother.
-Patrilocal
-Matrilocal
TYPES OF FAMILY ACCORDING TO
LOCATION OF RESIDENCE
Patrilocal
family resides / stays with / near domicile of the parents of the husband.
Matrilocal
live near the domicile of the parents of the wife.
-Patriarchal family
-Matriarchal family
-Modern Democratic family
-Autocratic family
-Laissez-Faire
-Matricentric
-Patricentric
TYPES OF FAMILY ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF AUTHORITY
Patriarchal family
authority is exercised by the father and descent is traced through him.
Matriarchal family
members of the family live together under the authority of the mother through her.
Modern Democratic family
everybody is involved in decision making.
Autocratic family
right, strict manners of parenting. Children are not allowed to talk back. Parents are the team player.
Laissez-Faire
Full autonomy. Parents do not mind what the children are doing. Everyone has the power to do whatever they want to do. Everyone is independent.
Matricentric
the mother decides/takes charge in absence of the father.
Patricentric
the father decides/takes charge in absence of the mother.
1. Procreation.
2. Socialization of family members.
3. Status placement.
4. Economic function.
FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
Rural Family
is a unit of production where the whole family works as a team, participating in farming, fishing, or cottage industries.
Urban Family
is more of a unit of consumption where economically productive members work separately to earn salaries or wages.
1. Physical maintenance.
2. Welfare and protection.
The family meets the needs of the
individuals through:
-Recognizing interruptions of health or development.
-Seeking health care.
-Managing health and non-health crises.
-Providing nursing care for the sick, disabled, or dependent members of the family.
-Maintaining a home environment conducive to
good health and personal development.
-Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the
community and its health institutions.
FAMILY HEALTH TASKS
-Family Flexibility
-Family Resiliency
-Family Hardiness (Durability)
ATTRIBUTES TO A HEALTHY FAMILY
Family Flexibility
Being able to adapt the way you
think and communicate with those
around you.
You are not isolated on your own
thinking and you don't just stick to
that kind you're able to open up for
suggestions on those around you.
Family Resiliency
The ability to withstand and rebound
from crisis and adversity
Since family is a group or a unit they
stand together and be able to face
such adversity
Family Hardiness (Durability)
Family's ability to work together
cohesively, combating stressors and
finding solutions to problems.
1. Marriage: joining of families
2. Families with young children
3. Families with adolescents
4. Families as launching centers
5. Aging families
STAGES OF THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE
Marriage: joining of families
a. Formation of identity as a
couple
b. Inclusion of spouse
realignment of relationships
with extended families.
c. Parenthood; making
decisions
Families with young children
a. Integration of children into
family unit.
b. Adjustment of tasks; child
rearing, financial, and
household.
c. Accommodation of new
parenting and grand
parenting roles.
Families with adolescents
a. Development of increasing
autonomy for adolescents
b. Midlife reexamination of
marital and career issues
c. Initial shift towards concern
for older generation
Families as launching centers
a. Establishment of
independent identities for
parents and grown children.
b. Renegotiation of marital
relationship
c. Readjustment of
relationships to include in-
laws and grandchildren.
d. Dealing with disabilities and
death of older generation
Aging families
a. Maintaining couple and
individual functioning while
adapting to the aging
process
b. Support role of the middle
generation
c. Support and autonomy of the
older generation
d. Preparation for own death
and dealing with the loss of
spouse and/or siblings and
other peers.
Roles
a pattern of behavior that
goes with a certain position.
-Biology (Sex)
-Gender role
-Gender identity
GENDER SENSITIVITY ISSUES (Three interactive parts)
E.O. 209; Family code of the Philippines
Marriage, legal separation,
rights and obligations
between husband and wife,
property relations between
husband and wife.
Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012 R.A.
10354
The state shall protect and promote
the right to the health of women
especially mothers in particular and
of the people in general and instill
health consciousness among them.
Protects the children and the mother
Father
Acknowledge as head of the family
Commands full authority in the
family
Mother
Considered as the light of the house
or "ilaw ng tahanan."
Responsible in all housekeeping
activities, taking care of the children,
planning of meals and budgeting
family income.
Eldest
Helps the mother
Middle
Assumes the roles of the
eldest
Youngest
Most loved, always gets the
special treatment
The general systems theory
(Minuchin and von Bertalanffy)
a way to explain how the family as a unit interacts with larger units outside the family and with smaller units inside the family
Genogram
A tool that helps the nurse outline the family's structure. It is a way to diagram the family.
Family health tree
Provides a mechanism for recording the family's medical and health histories.
Ecomap
Used to depict a family's linkages to its suprasystems.
Family interviewing
Medium for providing family intervention.
Family Coping Index
this tool is based on the premise that
nursing action may help a family
in providing for a health need or
resolving a health problem
promoting the family's coping
capacity.
NANDA (North American
Nursing Diagnosis
Association)
serves as a common framework of
expressing human responses to
actual and potential health problems.
Observation
data gathering method that uses sensory capacities
Physical Examination
Utilizes inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, measurement of the specific body part and reviewing of the body systems.
Interview
Completing the health history (determines the current health status based on the significant past health history)
First-Level Assessment
Process whereby existing and potential health conditions or problems are categorized
Wellness state/s
physical, mental and social well-being. Readiness and willingness
Health threat
risk factors; possibilities that could lead to illness
Health deficit
health breakdown, deviation from normal to abnormal, either diagnosed or undiagnosed
Stress points / foreseeable crisis
expected problem. Anticipated periods of unusual demand on the individual or family in terms of adjustment/family resources.
Second Level of Assessment
The nature or type of nursing problem that the family encounters in performing the health tasks with respect to a given health condition or problem, and the etiology or barriers to the family's assumption of these task
-Priority Setting
-Establishing goals and objectives
-Determining appropriate interventions
FORMULATING PLAN OF CARE
Priority Setting
The determining sequence in
dealing with identified family needs and problems. This is necessary because the nurse cannot possible deal with all identified family needs all at once.
Family safety
A life-threatening situation is given top priority
Family perception
given to the need that the family recognizes as most urgent and/or important
Practicality
Together with the family, the nurse looks into existing resources and constraints.
Projected effects
the immediate resolution of a family concern gives the family a sense of
accomplishment and confidence in
themselves and the nurse.
goal
is a desired observable family response to planned interventions in response to a mutually identified family need.
Objectives
define the desired step-by-step family
responses as they work toward a goal.
Specific
Measureable
Attainable
Relevant
Time-bound
S.M.A.R.T.
Supplemental interventions
are actions that the nurse performs on
behalf of the family when it is unable to do things for itself, such as providing direct nursing care to a sick or disabled family member
Facilitative interventions
refer to actions that remove barriers to appropriate health action, such as assisting the family to avail of maternal and early child care services.
Developmental interventions
aims to improve the capacity of the family to provide for its own health needs, such as guiding the family to make responsible health decisions. This type of intervention is directed towards family empowerment.
Implementation
is the step when the family and or the nurse execute the plan of action
Apathy
may be a manifestation of the family's feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness
Indecision
may result in the family allowing events to just happen
Imposing ideas
keeps the family from taking responsibility for decision making and appropriate action.
Negative labeling
the nurse may label the family as stubborn (Matigas ang ulo) if it is unable to comply with the instructions.
Overlooking family strengths
usually results from the tendency of the nurse to focus on family problems and weaknesses.
Neglecting cultural and gender implications of family interventions
the nurse when he/she fails to consider this, may risk making the plan unacceptable to the family.
Evaluation
is determining the value of nursing care that has been given to a family.
Note
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