2.2.2 collision theory

what is the equation for kinetic energy

½ x mass x velocity²

what is the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature

as temperature increases, kinetic energy increases

if kinetic energy of the particles at the same temperature is equal, what is the type of relationship between mass and velocity

inverse relationship between mass and velocity

why do particles in a substance have a range of kinetic energies

due to random motion

what graph is drawn to show the distribution of kinetic energy

maxwell-boltzman energy distribution curve

what is the area under the graph of a mazwell boltzmann energy distribution curve

total number of particles

what is collision theory

when reactants come together the Ek they posses means particles will collide and some of these collisions will result in chemical bonds being broken and formed

what does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on

how often collions occur

what 4 factors affect collision theory

collision frequency

collision energy

activation energy

collision geometry

what is collision frequency

number of collisions between particles per unit of time in a system

what 4 things effect the collision frequency

changing concentration of reactants

changing total pressure

changing temperature

changing suface area of reacting particles

what are unsuccessful collisions and when do they occur

unsuccessful collisions are collisions that do not result in a reaction and happen when coliding species do not have enough energy to break necessary bonds

what is the collision energy

when particles collide with sufficient energy, react and the collision successful. the combined energy of the colliding particles is the collision energy

what is the activation energy

minimum energy colliding particle need in order to react

what happens if collision energy

a) less than activation energy

b) greater or equal to activation energy

a) collision unsuccessful

b) collision successful and reaction takes place

what can change the activation energy

addition of a catalyst

when is the orientation of the collisions increasingly important

in large complex biomolecules like proteins and carbohydrates

if incorrect orientation what happens to reaction particles

bounce off and seperate without causing a chemical reaction