bio 152 ecology uw madison

what is a terrestial biome?

the major life zones characterized by vegetation type over a broad vegetative area

what is considered the warmest in the northern hemisphere?

A. lower elevation, lower latitudes, north facing slopes

B. lower elevation, higher latitudes, north facing slopes

C. lower elevation, lower latitudes, south facing slopes

D higher elevation, higher latitudes, north facing slopes

E none of these

C. lower elevation, lower latitudes, south facing slopes

what is a population?

A. individuals of 2 species occupying the same general area, utilizing the same space, resources & influenced by similar environmental conditions

B. individuals of 1 species occupying the same general area, utilizing the same space, resources & influenced by similar environmental conditions

C. individuals of 1 species occupying the same general area, utilizing different spaces, but the same resources & influenced by similar environmental conditions

B. individuals of 1 species occupying the same general area, utilizing the same space, resources & influenced by similar environmental conditions

true or false population ecology depends on how big the population is, how widely spread the population is and a combination of the two being how dense the population is

true

what is population density dependent on?

A. population size

B. population range

both

How do you add to a population?

births and immigration

How you subtract from a population?

deaths and emigration

true or false the lincoln-peterson estimate is when you mark an initial sample and then come back and take another sample counting the ones marked and the ones unmarked and finding your total population

true

firstsamplemarked/N=Markedsample/total#in2ndsample

true or false dispersion are patterns of spreading among individuals in a population

true

What are the 3 dispersion patterns?

clumped, uniform, random

what is demography?

A. the study of population statistics of a population and how they change overtime

B. the study of vital statisics of a population and how they change overtime

C. the study of dispersion statistics of a population and how they change overtime?

B. the study of vital statistics of a population and how they change overtime

life history strategies

the degree of investment in reproduction and survival over an organisms lifetime

true or false the components of life history are growth reproduction, defenses, and other adaptive traits that promote fitness

true growth reproduction, defenses, other adaptive traits that promote fitness

trade offs of life history components

can't do everything at once because energy is limited.

what is iteroparity

reproduce multiple times but separately, parental(smaller number of reproductive events) parental investment is high

What is semelparity?

Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event with little parental investment.

true or false populations are not static

true

unlimited population growth(exponential, density independent growth)

assume a closed population with no immigration or emigration, only focuses on births and deaths

N

population size

B

# of births that occur in a time period

D

# of deaths that occur in a time period

b

per capita birth rate

d

per capita death rate

r

instantaneous per capita rate of increase

dN/dt=

rN or (b-d)N

if r is 0 whats the graph look like?

flat line at whatever the starting population is

true or false an r value that is positive will have a declining population

false it will be an increasing population

r-selected species

a species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs

logistic growth model( density-dependent growth or limited growth)

true or false k represents the carrying capacity which is the upper boundary for population size that can be sustained over a relatively long time period.

true

factors that affect birth and death rate include what

predators, resources, disease, space, hiding spot

rmax

is the maximum per capita rate of increase

true or false organisms can overshoot there carrying capacity

true happens all the time and then it goes back down until it reaches carrying capacity

density dependent regulation can do what?

can affect deaths or births

if density doesn't matter what happens?

the graph will flatline

which of the following describe r selected species

A.

have low per capita growth rates(r), long generation times, low reproductive output, high parental investment, low juvenile mortality, often but not always regulated by density-dependent growth, selection tends to favor traits that are sensitive to population density, while the species is favored at high densities.

B.

have high values of r, short generation times, high reproductive output, low parental investments, often but not alway regulated by density-independent growth, maximizes reproductive success in uncrowded environments

have high values of r, short generation times, high reproductive output, low parental investments, often but not alway regulated by density-independent growth, maximizes reproductive success in uncrowded environments

which of the following describe k-selected species?

A.

have low per capita growth rates(r), long generation times, low reproductive output, high parental investment, low juvenile mortality, often but not always regulated by density-dependent growth, selection tends to favor traits that are sensitive to population density, while the species is favored at high densities.

B.

have high values of r, short generation times, high reproductive output, low parental investments, often but not alway regulated by density-independent growth, maximizes reproductive success in uncrowded environments

have low per capita growth rates(r), long generation times, low reproductive output, high parental investment, low juvenile mortality, often but not always regulated by density-dependent growth, selection tends to favor traits that are sensitive to population density, while the species is favored at high densities.

true or false humans and redwood trees are more of an r selected species rather than a k selected species

false they are more defined to be a k selected species because of the long lived generations

what is generation time

its the time it takes an individual from the time it is born to have a baby

what is a meta population?

is a spatially separated populations(subpopulations) that are linked by the dispersal of individuals

what are the locations of subpopulations called?

patches

what can cause patches to become unoccupied?

emigration, death, disease

what can causes patches to become occupied?

migration

whats a source patch?

they are net exporters of individuals(r>0) high birth rate (b>d)

whats a sink patch?

net importers of individuals(r<0) high death rate (b

what speed is the human population growing?

exponential

hyperbolic

logistically

hyperbolic

what is an ecological footprint?

the amount of land and water area that is required by individual (or a population) to produce the resources they consume & absorb their wastes

True or false carrying capacity of humans can be defined as the maximum # of persons that can be supported in perpetuity in an area with a given technological level and set of consumptive habits

true

what is community

the assemblage of populations of different species that occur in the same place

what is competition?

when 2 or more species rely on similar limiting resources, they have negative effects on each other

true or false interspecific is competition between individuals of the same species

false that is for intraspecific

interspecific

competition between members of different species

competitive exclusion principle

that 2 species using the same limiting resource cannot coexist indefinetely

Niche

the abiotic and biotic conditions that a species needs to grow, survive, and reproduce

fundamental niche

The full potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can use if there is no competition from other species.

realized niche

the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives

niche (resource) partitioning

the use of limiting resources by different species in a community in different waysz

true or false dispersal can be defined as the amount an organism moves away from its place of birth

true

true or false biotic factors include interactions with light, temperature, water availability and wind

false thats for abiotic factors

true or false interactions between organisms can help or negate whether a species is in a particular place based on biotic factors

true

what three air masses pass through Wisconsin?

Arctic airmass, subtropical airmass, continental air mass

Prairies and Savannas rely on what abiotic factor to survive?

fire

What dominants most of wisconsin?

forests

what contributes a lot toward the making of pine forests

sandy soil

in northern WI communities what would you find?

north hard woods, pine and pine barrens

in southern WI communities what would you find?

prairies, oak savannah, southern mesic forest

which of these southern wisconsin comunities would be maintain by fire?

A. southern mesic forest

B. Hardwoods

c. Oak savannah

C

true or false climate is the prevailing conditions at a locality

true

whats the difference between weather conditions and climate?

climate happens are combined weathering events that happen over a decade while weather is what happens in days.

what causes the seasons?

The tilt of the earths axis

true or false less rain is accumulated towards the poles

true

When is a lake stratified?

during the summer and winter months

turnover is what

mixing water which happens in spring and autumn.

whats important about the thermocline?

this separates where some organism live

aquatic biomes affected by where light and temperature in aquatic relms

zonatin patterns

Literal zone

(close to shore)Area of a lake where plants at the bottom can get enough sunlight for photosynthesis

limnetic zone

farther from shore

benthic zone

the muddy bottom of a lake, pond, or ocean

photic zone

Portion of the marine biome that is shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.

aphotic zone

dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone where sunlight does not penetrate

pelagic zone

open water above the ocean floor far far away

continental margins

shallow-water areas close to continents (edge of the continent of oceans)

true or false you will find no species in the tidal zones

false you will only find species that are able to tolerate the tides

intertidal zone

prominent and felt by organisms

Neuritic Zone

The area from low-tide to the edge of the continental shelf.

true or false an aquatic biome is a major life zone characterized by the physical environment

true

What are the aquatic biomes?

oceanic pelagic and benthic zones, intertidal zones, estuaries(salinity gradient), coral reefs, rivers, lakes

Name all of the terrestrial biomes

tundra, alpine, Taiga, coniferous forest, deciduous forest, grasslands, tropical rainforests, deserts, chaparral, savanna

terrestial biomes

true or false increased elevation breeds a more wet cooler environment for plant life

true

true or false rainshadows are characterized by cool wet water going up a hill and heating up over the mountain

false warm water goes up the hill and cools up and over the mountain

Rainshadow

a region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills.

true or false competition is a common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific.

very true

cryptic coloration

Camouflage; makes an organism difficult to spot.

aposematic coloration

A. type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

B. The bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators

C. Evolution of two species, both of which are unpalatable and, have poisonous stingers or some other defense mechanism, to resemble each other

B.

what is Batesian mimicry

A. type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

B. The bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators

C. Evolution of two species, both of which are unpalatable and, have poisonous stingers or some other defense mechanism, to resemble each other

A

Mullerian mimicry

A. type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators.

B. The bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators

C. Evolution of two species, both of which are unpalatable and, have poisonous stingers or some other defense mechanism, to resemble each other

C

Herbivory

interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (such as plants)

what is parasitisim

A. both organisms benefit

B.a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and in doing so the other is harmed.

C.type of symbiosis where one species is neither harmed nor helped, but inhibits growth of another species

D.A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

B