Dual History II - Post WWII & the Cold War
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Between what years was the Cold War
1945-1989
What did WWII create?
Interdependence
What is interdependence?
When one countries actions affects others
What opposing interests made a Soviet US alliance impossible?
(This was the main idea behind the Cold War)
Capitalism vs. Communism
Western powers wanted to rebuild Germany as a what?
West Germany became ___________.
East Germany became __________.
Trade partner ; capitalist ; communist
How many districts was Germany divided into?
Which countries controlled each of the districts?
4 ; US, Britain, France, SU.
What was West Germany called?
The Federal Republic of Germany
What was East Germany called?
German Democratic Republic
What foreign policy did the US have during the Cold War?
Policy of Containment
(Containment of communism)
Under The US foreign policy during the Cold War, the US creates a presence where?
In the Mediterranean and Western Europe
Stalin __________ the US’s attempt to block Soviet influence?
Denounced
What was the Berlin Crisis?
Stalin attempted to blockade the city of Berlin. He blocked off all streets and waterways into the city.
How did the US get around the Berlin crisis?
The Berlin Airlift - allies dropped food and necessities into the city of Berlin from the sky.
(Over 2 million lbs)
Soviet Union lifted the blockade in ___
May 1949
What was the result of the Berlin Crisis?
NATO was created by Western Powers
What does NATO stand for and what does it do?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization - A military alliance for defending Western Europe
After the Berlin Blockade, the divide between ____ & ____ Germany became greater
East & West
Where did East Germans flee to looking for better opportunities and living conditions?
West Germany
In 1961 Soviet Union built the _____ ____.
Why did they do this?
Berlin wall ; built to keep western influences out of east Germany & vice versa.
What was Churchhill’s famous phrase about the Berlin wall?
“An iron curtain has descended across the continent”
What did the iron curtain refer to?
The Berlin Wall and the cover of Soviet/Communist influence over Europe.
How did the Soviets control east Europe?
Soviet back to candidates won elections in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
What was a country called if it had a Soviet-backed candidate who won?
Soviet Bloc countries (satellite states)
Why were these satellite states “created”?
They were created by the Soviets to protect them from aggression
When did the Soviets test their first Atomic bomb?
1949
What kind of bombs were 1000X more powerful than the ones the US used in WWII?
Hydrogen Bombs
What was NukeMAP
A map created by the Soviets used to locate strategic targets within the US.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Why was it created?
A Soviet-led alliance between Soviet states
Created to oppose NATO (anti-NATO)
What did Senator Joseph McCartney claim to have?
A list of government officials that were pro-communism
What is McCarthyism?
A term that refers to the American anti-communist movement/fear of communism
What was the Red Scare?
A fear that communism was in Hollywood
What did people do as a result of the Red Scare?
They interrogated people in Hollywood regarding political threats
They released Anti-communist films (but they didn’t work)
US & SU divided _______ after japans surrender
Korea
What happened in June of 1950?
North Korea attacked South Korea
United Nations troops regained South Korea, but ______ wanted all of it
Truman
Who gave aid to North Korea during 1950?
Chinese and SU
The US feared war with who during the Korean War?
China
On what date did war end the stalemate?
July 27, 1953
North and South Korea are divided by what?
Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
The Korean War ended whose popularity?
Truman
Who won the election of 1952?
who was his VP?
Eisenhower
Richard Nixon
after WWII, (1947-1962), many _______ gained ________ in _____ & ______
colonies ; independence; Asia & Africa
New nations formed but lacked ______
This meant what?
Stability ; They were open to influence from other countries
How long did the Vietnam war last?
(What years)
November 1955-April 1975
What type of government did North Vietnam establish?
Where did they train?
Communist Gov.
Trained in SU
What type of government did South Vietnam establish?
What type of aid did the US provide?
Democratic
Financial and Military aid
What did the Truman Doctrine state?
The US will help any country threatened by communism
When did the US withdraw from the Vietnam war?
1973
Who falls to North Vietnam at the fall of Saigon (Ho Chi Minh city - large city in Vietnam)?
South Vietnam
What was Vietnam turned into/created after the fall of South Vietnam?
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
(Still a communist influenced country today)
What led to the Space Race?
Both the Soviets and the US raced to build rockets for defense
On October 1957, the USSR launches what?
Sputnik - 1st satellite to orbit earth
What was special about Sputnik II?
(Nov 1957)
It carried a dog named Laika
Jan 1958 - what was the name of the US satellite that orbited earth?
Explorer 1
Who was the first American to orbit the earth?
(movie: Hidden Figures)
John Glenn
When was the first Space walk? By who?
USSR - March 1965
Who were the first men on the moon?
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
When did the first men walk on the moon?
July 1969
What was the U-2 spy mission?
What happened?
Gary Powers was spying on Russia to gather missile information
Powers was shot down over the USSR and confessed to spying despite the US denying it.
Who was the Cuban Revolution led by?
Fidel Castro
What causes Cuba to turn to the soviets
US cut off trade with them
What kind of gov. did Cuba set up?
Communist
Bay of Pigs Invasion (plan)
Plans for US CIA insurgents to train Cuban Exiles to overthrow Castro regime in Cuba
The Bay of Pigs invasion was characterized by what?
A series of mistakes by Americans
After the Insurgents landed at the Bay of Pigs, what happened?
What did Kennedy do?
They got trapped and surrendered.
Kennedy chose not to rescue them.
What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
It strengthened Castro leadership and relationship w/the soviets
After the Bay of Pigs Failure, who met with Kennedy?
What did they discuss?
What was a result of this confrontation?
The Soviet leader, Khrushchev, met with Kennedy.
SU leader demanded the US pull out of West Berlin - US refused
SU built a wall around West Berlin
What does the US discover about the SU?
They were building underground missile launching sites from Cuba.
What did Kennedy do after finding out about SU’s Cuban missiles?
He announced a naval Blockade of Cuba until the missiles were removed.
He had a fear that if Soviet and SU ships confronted it would = ____________.
a nuclear war
Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles from Cuba if the US agreed…
not to invade Cuba (later the US removed missiles from Turkey)
The Cuban Missile Crisis created a _____ between ______ & _______
Why?
Hotline ; US & USSR ; to give the leaders quick access to each other to avoid future problems.
What happened on November 22, 1963?
Where?
Kennedy’s assassination (2 bullets)
Dallas, Texas
Who was Kennedy’s assassin?
Lee Harvey Oswald
Many speculations about who might have been involved
When was Lee Harvey Oswald killed?
Nov 24, 1963.
Who killed Lee Harvey Oswald?
Where?
Why?
Jack Ruby
The basement of the Dallas Police Station
He was mad about the assassination of Kennedy
Truman signs an executive order to end what?
Segregation in the military
May 14th - Which court case ended segregation in Public schools?
Brown vs. Board of Education
Why was Emmet Till murdered?
He was flirting with a white woman
When and where was Emmett Till murdered?
August 1955 - in Mississippi
What did Emmet Till’s mother do to raise national awareness about Civil Rights?
She held an open casket and let Jet Magazine publish photos of his body
What did Rosa Parks do and what did it start?
She refused to give her bus seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, AL.
Led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Who led the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
what was the result?
MLK
Supreme Court ruled that segregation laws were unconstitutional
Who are the Little Rock Nine?
A group of 9 AA high school kids that were integrated into Central High school
What happened when the Little Rock nine got to school?
What did Eisenhower do about this?
They were met by angry mobs and police trying to keep them out.
Eisenhower sent in federal troops to protect the AA students
Who were the first AA students allowed to enroll at the University of Alabama?
Vivian Malone and James Hood
Who was the first AA student at Auburn?
Harold Franklin
How did Southern states resist integration of AA students? (2 things)
States closed public schools and set up private schools
KKK re-emerged
What was the goal of the KKK?
To intimidate using violence and terror
To target AA and anyone who assisted them, black or white
What was the Birmingham Campaign “Bombingham”
16th St. Baptist Church bombing where four young girls at Sunday school were killed
What were the Freedom Summer Murders?
Civil rights workers were murdered in Philadelphia, Mississippi by KKK members and local law enforcement
1964 Civil Rights Act
(5 things)
Made segregation illegal
No discrimination in public places
Government power to enforce school desegregation
Equal employment opportunity
24th amendment
What did the 24th amendment do?
Abolished Poll Tax
(ended black voter suppression)
Which act ended the literacy test and other provisions that limited voting?
1965 Voting Rights Act
What was the Birmingham Children’s Crusade?
What was their goal?
Who led it?
Non violent march by children to end segregation practices (age 6+)
To fill the jails and draw attention to racism in the South
MLK and Fred Shuttlesworth
Who led the stance against the Children’s Crusade and what did they use?
Bull Connor ; police dogs, water hoses, and mass arrest.
Who stood in the doorway of the U of A?
Why?
What did Kennedy do?
Governor George Wallace
he was blocking to AA students from registering
Kennedy sent national guards to the campus
Who broke the color barrier in baseball?
Jackie Robinson
What ratio of Americans had a TV?
1 in 3
What type of books were new?
Paperback