Kosky U.S. History chpt. 1-2

Beringia

Land bridge that connects alaska and asia

Nomadic

hunter-gatherer tribes follow the animals they hunt, carrying tents with them

Neolithic revolution

the radical and important period of change in which humans began cultivating plants, breeding animals for food and forming permanent settlements.

Crusades

a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

Black death

disease that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic

Renaissance

The rebirth of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages

Humanism

An approach to life based on reason and our common humanity brought by romans and greeks

Protestant Reformation

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s

Mercantilism

Goverment orotection and encouragment of trade

Muslim conquest of Spain

When muslims conquested spain

Caravel

a small 15th and 16th century ship that has broad bows, high narrow poop, and usually three masts with lateen or both square and lateen sails

Circumnavigate

to go completely around

Chattel slavery

the enslaved person is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner

Columbian Exchange

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas

Conquistadors

Spanish leaders who conquested

Hernan Cortes

concoured the Aztecs and claiming Mexico on behalf of Spain

Moctezuma

Leader of Aztecs

Aztecs

Empire in mexico

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla

Incas

A civilization in peru

Smallpox

a highly contagious viral disease that wiped out Native American due to their lack of immunity

Triangular Trade

a system of exchange in which Europe supplied Africa and the Americas with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved laborers.

Middle Passage

the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was one leg of the triangular trade

African Diaspora

the mass dispersion of peoples from Africa during the Transatlantic Slave Trades, from the 1500s to the 1800s

Cultural diffusion

the spreading out and merging of pieces from different cultures

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in America in 1607

Indentured servants

People who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or a covenant) by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter.

1619

The year the first enslaved Africans were brought to Jamestown

House of Burgesses

the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly

Samuel de Champlain

Founded Quebec in 1608

New Amsterdam

Lost to the english in 1664

Plymouth Colony

The Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620 by a small group of Separatists who would become known as “The Pilgrims” in what is now modern day Massachusetts {mayflower}

Separatists

They wished to literally separate from the Church of England. They felt no allegiance to Anglican teachings and wished to worship in their own way

pilgrims

100 separists who rode the mayflower and founded polymouth county

Mayflower Compact

a pledge singed by all of the adult males to establish a government and obey the laws and regulations that were subsequently enacted and maintained their loyalty to the king.

Democracy foundation

Along with the House of Burgesses in Jamestown, the Mayflower Compact was a foundation for American democracy.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritan established colony in 1630 led by John Winthrop

Pequot War

an armed conflict that took place between 1636 and 1638 in New England between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists

King Phillip’s War

Wampanoag Indian leader Metacom, known as King Phillip, along with Algonquin allies, fought a brutal war with New Englanders.

Bacon’s rebellion

a civil war in the colony of Virginia in 1676 and Virginia’s governor was nearly overthrown

William Penn

founded the Province of Pennsylvania

John Rolfe

Planted tobaco and married pocahontas

powhatan

Pocahontas’s father

Cash crops

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. (Tobaco)