The Great Depression

Explain the reasons why the stock market boomed during the 1920s.

quick way to get rich, people investing in U.S. companies, buying on margin (loan) - put 10% down to buy stock

Explain the reasons why the stock market crashed.

oversupply-low demand, can't pay back loans, world economic problems, laissez-faire(gov. leaves business alone).

Identify the year of the Stock Market crash and identify the nickname given to the day it crashed.

1929, "Black Tuesday"

Explain the impact the Depression had on industry.

Production goes down.

Identify the rate of unemployment among the general population.

Unemployment rate went up to 25%

Explain the impact the Depression had on banks.

Banking Panic - people took out $$ (Bank Runs), banks calling in loans (people can't pay), banks close.

Explain what happened in the mid-west during the Depression. (location, causes, what happened, where did they go)

Dust Bowl- 2 causes: drought, overuse of land. People went to CA.

Explain the impact the Depression had on the structure and emotions of families

Families work together, they help eachother. Unemployed dads lost respect, divorce + birth rate down b/c dont have $$ + cant afford it

Explain how the Depression affected working women.

working women were resented b/c taking jobs from men.

Explain how the Depression affected African Americans. (hiring styles, unemployment rate)

"last to be hired, 1st to be fired", 50% of African Am. unemployed.

Explain the thoughts of John Maynard Keynes.

"Trickle Down Theory"- gov. should put $$ in businesses + it will "trickle down" to the poor.

Explain the thought of Laissez-Faire.

gov. leaves bus. alone

Explain the thought of the American Communist Party.

gov. owns bus.

Explain the thought of the American Socialist Party.

people own bus.

Identify Hoover's popular confident quote and his idea of what people needed to be.

Hoover believed in "rugged individualism" (help yourself, "prosperity is just around the corner" (positive)

Explain Hoover's ideas of government responsibility (welfare/dole).

Hoover doesn't believe in welfare.

Explain the Federal Farm Board.

gov. bought up farm surplus but soon couldn't handle it

Explain the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

gave loans to banks + local gov. (NOT direct aid/wellfare)

Explain the Hawley-Smoot Tariff and whether it was successful.

raised tariff so you can buy American, backfires- other countries do the same now U.S. can't sell.

Explain the moratorium policy

Suspend debt repayment to U.S., others do the same

Explain what Hoover asked businesses to do.

He asked businesses to maintain wages + employment.

Explain the events of the Bonus Army. (Who were they, what did they want, what happened)

WW1 veterans, demanding to get their bonuses earlier, they didn't get them + they got physically removed out of D.C.

Describe Hoover's legacy in history.

Bad, Hoover gets blamed for Great Depression

Identify the social values that were portrayed in movies during the Depression.

Rugged Individualism, cooperation, socialism

Explain why movies were popular and which types of movies were popular during the depression.

way to get away from your problems, a cheap form of entertainment, comedy + gangster genre was popular

Explain the plot of the film "Mr.

Smith Goes to Washington" and identify the social value it portrayed.

rugged individualism

Explain the plot of the film "Gone with the Wind" and identify the social value it portrayed.

rugged individualism

Explain the plot of the film "The Grapes of Wrath" and identify the social value it portrayed.

cooperation

Identify the candidates and their parties of the 1932 election.

Hoover (R), FDR (D).

Identify what FDR promised

America in his nomination speech.

FDR promises a new deal, or change.

Identify FDR's Coalition ( supporters)

African-Am., blue collar, poor farmers, Catholics + Jews.

Identify who won the election of 1932 and explain why.

FDR wins, b/c Hoover blamed

Explain FDR's Inaugural Address.

"the only thing we have to fear is fear itself" - must face reality, fear paralyzes you., Make feel worthy + good - jobs, regulations to prevent Depression again, he will take action if Congress fails.

Explain FDR's ideas of solving the Depression.

(aid, advisors, 3 R's, public notices, role of Congress)

More active, more involved gov., Brain Trust - surrounds himself w/ diverse advisors., 3 R's: Relief-help those in need, Reform- Change/regulate, Recovery - get out of Depression.

explain the emergency banking relief

close bank(bank holiday), examine banks + reopen safe/good ones

explain the federal deposit insurance

Federal Gov. guaranteed your $$/deposit

explain the farm credit *** remember this farm one and u only need to know 1 farm one

Low interest/credit for farmers

explain the public works (might be on test)

gave $$ for construction jobs

explain the Tennessee Valley

gave jobs in TN Valley, dam up river+ electricity

explain the civilian conservation

jobs in land projects

Explain the works progress (work IN progress)

Construction + arts

Explain the federal emergency relief

wellfare

explain the settlement

Migrant Camp (people were moving to CA due to the Dustbowl in the Midwest)

explain the agricultural adjustment

asks/tells farmers to reduce production, prices go up due to this.

explain the Social Securites

retired + disabled people

explain the securities and exchange

regulate stock market

explain the national labor relations

legalized unions

explain the fair labor standard

made minimum wage

explain why labor unions increased in popularity during the depression

they protect jobs

identify the two major labor unions during the depression

AFL - Am. Federation of Labor (org. skilled workers), and CIO- Congress of Industrial Org. ( org. unskilled workers)

explain why and how FDR wanted to reorganize the Supreme Court and what resulted

court packing scandal - FDR + Supreme Court DO NOT get along. Plan: For every Justice over 70 y/o, he can appoint a new one. (FDR would've had 6 more), Never happens!!

Explain why businesses opposed the new deal

Business owners hate FDR, think he went too far

explain why communists and socialists opposed the new deal

like him, want more regulations

identify Charles Coughlin and explain his ideas

equal distribution of wealth

identify Dr. Francis E Townsend and explain his ideas

comes up with Social Security

identify Huey P. Long and explain his ideas

Gov./Senator of Louisiana. Share Our Wealth: limits income to $1m, min of $2.5k, he ends up being killed.

main idea: (if you have more, give it to the poor)

explain the role Eleanor Roosevelt played in politics

civil rights, women's rights, and human rights