Biology 102: Unit 3 Test

Acoelomate

Animal without a body cavity

Bilateral Symmetry

Type of symmetry with only one plane of symmetry

Blastopore

Opening into the archenteron during gastrulation

Blastula

16-32 cell stage of animal embryo development

Body Plan

Defining shape or morphology of an organism

Coelom

Lined body cavity

Determinate Cleavage

Cleavage pattern with tightly defined blastomere fate

Deuterostome

Blastopore develops into the anus; determinate (fate of each cell already determined), radial structure

Diploblast

Animal developing from two germ layers

Eucoelomate

Animal with a body cavity lined with mesoderm

Gastrula

Stage characterized by digestive cavity formation

Germ Layer

Cells forming during embryogenesis for body tissues

Hox Gene

Master control gene in embryogenesis for gene transcription

Indeterminate Cleavage

Cleavage pattern with blastomeres as stem cells

Organogenesis

Organ formation in animal embryogenesis

Protostome

Blastopore develops into the mouth, spiral structure

Pseudocoelomate

Animal with a body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

Radial Cleavage

Cleavage axes parallel or perpendicular to polar axis

Radial Symmetry

Symmetry with multiple planes around a central disk

Spiral Cleavage

Rotation or misalignment of embryo cells

Triploblast

Animal developing from three germ layers

Amoebocyte

Sponge cell with multiple functions

Annelida

Phylum of vermiform animals with metamerism

Archenteron

Primitive gut cavity in the gastrula

Arthropoda

Phylum of animals with jointed appendages

Notochord

Flexible, rod-shaped support structure in embryonic chordates

Osteichthyes

Bony fish class

Pharyngeal slit

Opening in the pharynx

Primates

Order including lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans

Sebaceous gland

Skin gland producing sebum

Stereoscopic vision

Produces depth perception from overlapping fields of vision

Swim bladder

Gas-filled organ controlling fish buoyancy

Tetrapod

Organism with a four-footed evolutionary history

Theropod

Dinosaur group ancestral to birds

Vertebral column

Backbone made of separate bones

Vertebrata

Chordates with a backbone

Acclimatization

Body system response to environmental change

Alteration

Change of set point in homeostasis

Asymmetrical

Animals with no body symmetry

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Resting metabolic rate in endotherms

Cartilage

Connective tissue with chondrocytes and fibers

Columnar epithelia

Tall cells specialized in absorption

Connective tissue

Tissue with cells, matrix, and fibers

Cuboidal epithelia

Cube-shaped cells for glandular functions

Dorsal cavity

Body cavity on the back of an animal

Ectotherm

Animal unable to maintain constant body temperature

Endotherm

Animal maintaining constant body temperature

Epithelial tissue

Tissue lining organs or tissues

Fibrous connective tissue

Tissue with high fiber concentration

Frontal (coronal) plane

Plane separating front and back body portions

Roughage

Low-energy, high-fiber food component

Ruminant

Animal with a four-compartment stomach

Salivary amylase

Enzyme in saliva converting carbs to maltose

Secretin

Hormone stimulating bicarbonate secretion in small intestine

Somatostatin

Hormone halting acid secretion in empty stomach

Sucrase

Enzyme breaking down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Trypsin

Pancreatic protease breaking down protein

Villi

Folds in small intestine increasing absorption area

Vitamin

Organic substance vital in small quantities for life

Acetylcholine

Neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous systems

Action potential

Self-propagating change in neuron membrane potential

Amygdala

Limbic system structure processing fear

Astrocyte

Glial cell providing nutrients and structural support

Autonomic nervous system

Peripheral system controlling bodily functions

Axon

Structure propagating signals from neuron cell body

Axon hillock

Structure integrating signals from multiple connections

Axon terminal

End structure forming synapses with other neurons

Basal ganglia

Brain cells involved in movement and motivation

Brainstem

Brain portion controlling basic functions

Cerebellum

Brain structure for posture and motor coordination

Cerebral cortex

Outer brain tissue for higher functions

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Liquid surrounding brain and spinal cord

Corpus callosum

Fiber bundle connecting cerebral hemispheres

Dendrite

Structure receiving messages from other neurons

Depolarization

Change to less negative membrane potential