STAGES OF SLEEP

How many stages of sleep are there?

4

What is the duration of one sleep cycle?

90 minutes

What are the traits of Stage 1 NREM

slowing of heartbeat, eye movements, brain waves and breathing activity

movements diminish but there are hypnic jerks

What are hypnagogic hallucinations?

The transitional state from being awake to sleepy.

brief hallucinations (ex: doorbell ringing, phone ringing)

What are the traits of Stage 2?

The continued slowing and reduction of body temp

What are sleep spindles?

Shorts bursts of brain activity lasting 0.5-3 seconds

essential for memory and learning

What are K-Complex?

single sharp followed by negative. blocks out reaction sound and light

What are the traits of Stage 3?

Slowest point of heartbeat, muscles, breathes and brain waves. Releases growth hormones and repairs body.

“deep sleep”

What is REM sleep? (rapid eye movement)

the “dream” stage.” The thalamus is active, rapid eye movement, low muscle tone

What is sleep paralysis?

When a person becomes aware they in REM sleep but cannot move muscular leads to intense fear

What is REM rebound?

Natural response to sleep deprivation, stress, or withdrawal

more frequent REM sleep, confusion, headache

What is restorative theory?

Sleep allows the body to repair and replete cellular components needed for biological function

What is adaptive theory?

Sleep evolved as a way to conserve energy and keep safe from predators

What is activation-synthesis theory?

Dreams are a result of random of neural activity REM sleep, so the cerebral cortex tries to make sense of the signals

What is memory consolidation theories?

Sleep is the essential for the forming and stabilizing of memories

What is sleep deprivation?

when an individual lacks the proper amount of sleep the body needed

Major symptoms of sleep deprivation?

daytime sleepiness, mood swings, memory issues, difficulty concentrating, slowed reaction time, health problems, low sex drive

Insomnia

trouble falling or staying asleep- may lack concentration or slow activity

treatment: massage therapy, light therapy, CBT therapy, sleep medicines

Narcolepsy

overwhelming daytime drowsiness and often fall asleep during day

treatment: stimulants, anntidepressants, pitolisent

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

unpleasant dreams that lead to vocal sounds and sudden movement during sleep

treatment: melatonin and clconazapan

sleep apnea

stop breathing or breathing shallowly while asleep

treatment: life style changes, CPAP machines, mouthpieces, surgery

somnambulism

move or preform activities while alseep- aka sleepwalking

treatment: relaxation techniques, hypnosis, medication