CHAPTER1&2

my/o

muscle

hyper-

excessive, increased

hypo-

deficient, decreased

dys-

bad, difficult, or painful

gastr/o

stomach

enter/o

small intestine

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

leuk/o

white

melan/o

black

poli/o

gray

neur/o

nerve

myel

spinal cord

tonsill

tonsils

-algia

pain, painful condition

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

surgical removal, cutting out

-itis

inflammation

-osis

abnormal condition, disease

-ostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

-otomy

cutting, surgical incision

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhage

bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

-rrhaphy

surgical suturing

-rrhea

flow or discharge

-rrhexis

rupture

-sclerosis

abnormal hardening

Cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis)

blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

Erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight)

mature red blood cell

Leukocyte (LOO-koh-sight)

white blood cell

Melanosis (mel-ah-NOH-sis)

any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs

Poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis)

viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis)

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Neuroplasty (NEW-roh-plas-tee)

surgical repair of a nerve

Neurorrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee)

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

Tonsillitis (ton-sih-LYE-tis)

inflammation of the tonsils

Tonsillectomy (ton-sih-LECK-toh-mee)

surgical removal of the tonsils

Word Root

Basic meaning of the term

Combining Form

Word root w/ combining vowel added at the end

Suffix

Comes at the end. Usually, not always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease

Prefix

Comes at the beginning. Usually, not always, indicates location, time, number or status

Pathology

study of disease

Gastrodynia (gas-troh-DIN-ee-ah)

Gastralgia (gas-TRAL-jee-ah)

pain in the stomach, AKA stomach ache

Gastritis (gas-TRY-tis)

inflammation of the stomach

Hepatomegaly (hep-ah-toh-MEG-ah-lee)

abnormal enlargement of the liver

Path

disease

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

enlargement

arteri/o

artery

Arteriosclerosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis)

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

Arteriomalacia (ar-tee-ree-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah)

abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries

Arteriostenosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-steh-NOH-sis)

abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

Abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-TEE-sis)

surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

Angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee)

process of producing a radiography (x-ray) study of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible

-stenosis

abnormal narrowing

abdomin/o

abdomen

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

angi/o

blood vessel

-graphy

process of recording

-ab

means away from

Abnormal

not normal or away from normal

Dysfunctional

an organ or body part that is not working properly

Hypertension

higher than normal blood pressure

Subcostal

below a rib or ribs

ad-

toward or in the direction of

Addiction

drawn toward or a strong dependence on a drug or substance

eu-

good, normal, well, or easy

Eupnea

easy or normal breathing

Hypotension

lower than normal blood pressure

intra-

within or inside

Intramuscular

within the muscle

super-, supra-

above or excessive

Supracostal

above or outside the ribs

inter-

between or among

Interstitial

between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

sub-

under, less, or below

dextr/o

right side

ex-

out of, outside, away from

macro-

large, abnormal size, or long

Mega-Megal/o

large, great

pre-

before

micr/o , micro-

small

olig/o

scanty, few

post-

after, behind

Angiogram (AN-jee-oh-gram)

the resulting film that is produced by angiography

Myoplasty (MU-oh-plas-tee)

surgical repair of a muscle

Arthroscopy (ar-THROS-koh-pee)

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Hemorrhage (HEM-or-idj)

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

Myorrhaphy (my-OR-ah-fee)

the surgical suturing of a muscle wound

Diarrhea (dye-ah-REE-ah)

the frequent flow of loose or watery stools

Myorrhexis (my-oh-REK-sis)

the rupture of a muscle

otorhinolaryngology

the study of the ears, nose, and throat

ot/o

ear

rhin/o

nose

laryng

throat

-ology

study of

-al

pertaining to

dermat

skin

-ologist

specialist

neo-

new