World History Honors Final Exam Study Guide

Flashcards about World History Honors Final Exam Study Guide

Crossroads of the World

Trade routes such as the Silk Road, and other important paths for trade connecting Europe and Asia.

Tenno Dynasty

Refers to any Japanese dynasty that is controlled by a line of Japanese emperors.

Renaissance

A period in Europe between 1300 and 1550 marking a rebirth of interest in Greek and Roman civilizations.

Humanism

The study of writing and ideas from the past, emphasizing rational studies rather than religious dogma.

Individualism

The belief that everyone should be their own person, rather than conforming to a community’s behavior and standards

Secularism

The principle that religion should not play a role in government, education, or other parts of society.

Skepticism

The idea that people need to challenge the accepted views of others.

Printing Press

A machine invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440 that prints text at a fast pace, increasing the availability of books and literacy rates.

Martin Luther

A German Monk and Professor of Theology (Religion) at the University of Wittenberg, one of the major leaders in the Protestant Reformation

The Reformation

Religious Movement in the 1500s, which split the Christian church and led to many new religions and churches being established. Anglican Church, Calvinism, Presbyterians, Anabaptist, Puritans

Age of Exploration

A period when Europeans were trying to find more land to spread religion and get cheaper goods and services.

Heliocentric Theory

The theory that the sun is the center, introduce by Nicolaus Copernicus.

Suliman the Magnificent

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire who conquered Constantinople.

Louis XIV

King of France during the French Revolution who created a weak government and engaged in costly wars.

Peter the Great

Russian ruler from 1682 to 1721 who used absolute rule to modernize Russia, including westernization.

Constitution

A document that outlines the structure of a government and its powers, as well as how those powers are used to govern the people.

Constitutional Monarchy

A system of government that splits power between a constitution and a monarch.

Coup d’état

A violent takeover of a government to gain more power.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all individuals, including life, liberty, and property, as conceived by John Locke.

English Bill of Rights

A document written in 1689 that set the foundation for a constitutional monarchy and created a freely elected parliament.

Declaration of Independence

A document declaring that America wanted to be free of British control, signed on July 4, 1776.

Revolution

The overthrowing of the current government to establish a new government that better conforms to the needs and wants of society.

Communist Manifesto

A book that outlines the details of the communist system, pointing out the issues with a capitalist society and aiming to unite workers.

Karl Marx and Friedrick Engles

Authors of the Communist Manifesto

Capitalism

A system of economics where people need to work for what they want and own their businesses and property, with supply and demand controlling the market.

Communism

A system of economics with no private property or private businesses, where all businesses and property are owned by the state.

Everyone should be equal

Socialism

A medium between capitalism and communism where people can own small businesses, but the government controls larger corporations.

Industrial Revolution

Began in the late 1700s; sparked by the first use of the steam engine and water wheel. Helped to speed up manufacturing times.

Imperialism

Taking over other countries and controlling them, whether through military or political influence.

Berlin Conference

A conference designed for the European countries to divide the countries in Africa into well-defined colonies.

Opium War

A war between Britain and China caused by the British importing opium into China, resulting in a British victory and extended influence.

Sepoy Rebellion

An attempt by Indian natives to get rid of the British East India Company from India, leading to direct British control.

Apartheid

A system in South Africa set up by the British to ensure white dominance, treating black people unfairly and denying them rights.

Indian Independence Movement

Movements where people were to make their silk and clothes and salt, instead of buying from the British, all in an attempt to push the British away.

Otto Von Bismarck

Bismarck was from Prussia. He led the unification of Germany into one large country. He was Germany’s chancellor.

Meiji Restoration

A period of reform in Japan was triggered by the United States’ sphere of influence over the country. Transformed Japan into an industrial power.

Causes of World War I

Primarily sparked because of the conflict in the Balkans, MANIA (Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand)

Trench Warfare

A style of warfare used by the French, British, and Germans on the Western Front during World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

After World War I, discussions in the Palace of Versailles to determine what would happen after the war. limited Germany and its army.

Fascism

A government over the people, Typically led by a dictator. Glorified violence and Hated communism

Founding of the USSR

Following a loss in WW1. Vladimir Lenin and his communist party came to power.They used tactics like secret police, censorship, severe punishments to political rivals, and propaganda to maintain their power.

The Great Depression

Post WWI the United States stock market crashed resulting in the global Economic state to suffered.

Appeasement

Not trying to actively stop other countries from doing illegal things, to prevent a war

Japanese Expansion

The Japanese were becoming an imperial power of their own Most powerful in the East.

Benito Mussolini

A great public speaker. He came to power in Italy in 1922. He used intimidation tactics (Black Shirts) along with exploiting weaknesses in the existing party to take full control of Italy. Socialist turned Facist. He fought in WW1.

Adolf Hitler

A fascist and an antisemite. Hitler was eventually made the chancellor of Germany, as he promised to save the German economy. Was able to abuse the Enabling Act to put himself into sole power of Germany.

Joseph Stalin

Comes to power in Russia, transform the USSR into an industrial giant, at the expense of his country’s people, who lost many of their freedoms. Violent leadership approach.

Holocaust

Called “Shoah” in Hebrew, was a period in WW2 where Germany and Adolf Hitler discriminated against Jewish people and other minorities

Concentration camps

A place where minorities were sent in Germany during World War 2. People forced to do hard labor and not fed much.

Scientific Revolution

A period of great advances in scientific thought during the 16th and 17th centuries, marked by the emergence of modern science through developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.

Ideas such as Heliocentric Theory, Elliptical Orbits, Scientific Method, Deductive Reasoning, Las of Gravity, Microscope, Thermometers, Human Structure, Vaccines, etc

RENT

Racism, Economics, Nationalism, Technology

Racism

Created by introducing foreign people into existing societies, when the foreigners felt like they were superior to the people who already lived in that society

Economics

Imperialism was driven by economics. Taking over new foreign countries allowed for European powers to gain cheap labor and thrive economically

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often leading to the desire for independence and self-governance. Nationalism tended to increase significantly in countries which were imperialism, as people suddenly cared more about their country.

Technology

New technology like weapons, steam power, and even medicine

Unification of Germany

Many countries near Germany had German speaking people, and were under the Austria Hungary. Otto Von Bismarck of Prussia led 3 wars in 7 years to unite all of the similar people in Germany.

Unification of Italy

The Italian Peninsula was united because everyone had a similar language, culture, and geographical area. This led to many strategic invasions, which united Italy into one nation.

Blood and Iron

The policy advocated by Otto Von Bismarck emphasizing military strength and industrial power to achieve unification of Germany. This approach highlighted the importance of a strong military and industrial capabilities over diplomatic efforts. Scare people into listening.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Leader of the Italian Red Shirts. He and his army took control of Southern Italy and gave it to King Victor Emmanuel II. Helped to Unify Italy.

New Technology of WW1

Tanks, Planes, Artillery, Machine Guns, Chemical Warfare, Submarines, Flamethrowers, Radio communication.

Deductive Reasoning

New idea from the scientific revolution. I think, therefore I am.

Realpolitik

An approach to politics emphasizing practicality over ideology, often associated with Otto von Bismarck's methods in consolidating German states.

MANIA

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and Assassination. Causes for World War 1

Popular Sovereignty

Government is controlled by the people, not by a divine right to rule.

Ghetto

A place to contain minorities, specifically Jews, and separate them from society.