FOR 12(b): Effects of custodial sentencing / recidivism

Explain possible effects of custodial sentencing on stress and depression (2)

* Self-harm and suicide rates are much higher in prison

* Risk of disturbance persists after release

Explain the effects of custodial sentencing on institutionalisation (4)

* Prisoners rely on institutional structure for routine...

* ...making initiative difficult on release

* Prison has strict rules / surveillance ...

* ...causing own internal restraints on wrongdoing to weaken

Explain the effects of custodial sentencing on prisonisation (2)

* Prisoners learn to live by prison code ...

* ...which encourages behaviour unacceptable on the outside (e.g. drug dealing)

Explain what is meant by the term recidivism (2)

* Relapsing into an undesirable behaviour

* A convicted criminal who re-offends, often repeatedly

Approximately what proportion of offenders in the UK are convicted of a crime committed within a year of release from prison?

* About half

2013 = 57%

2019 = 45%