Vertebrates- Cat Muscle Table

Dr. Foster

External oblique

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and ribs

Insertion: Linea alba

Function: Respiration

Internal oblique

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and ribs

Insertion: Pubis and linea alba

Function: Compression of abdominal contents

Transerversus abdominis

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: Surface of rectus abdominis

Function: Compression of abdomin

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Sternum

Function: Flexes vertebral column

Pectoralis antebrachialis

Origin: Upper Sternum

Insertion: Fascia of proximal end of ulna

Function: Draw forelimb towards chest

Pectoralis major

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Draw forelimb towards chest and shoulder joint movement

Pectoralis minor

Origin: 3rd to 5th ribs

Insertion: On medial border of coracoid process of scapula

Function: Draw scapula against thoracic wall

Xiphihumeralis

Origin: Xiphoid process of sternum

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Adducts forelimb

Clavotrapezius

Origin: Median dorsal line

Insertion: Clavicle

Function: Draws clavicle dorsally

Acromiotrapezius

Origin: Neural spines of cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Metacromion process and fascia of clavotrapezius

Function: Draws scapula to dorsal region

Spinotrapezius

Origin: Neural spines of thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Spine of scapula

Function: Pull scapula towards dorsal and caudal regions

Levator scapulae ventralis

Origin: Atlas and basioccipital of skull

Insertion: Top of scapula

Function: Draws scapula towards head

Clavobrachialis

Origin: clavicle

Insertion: lateral humerus

Function: abducts shoulder joint

Acriomiodeltoid

Origin: acromion process of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: raises and rotates humerus

Spinodeltoid

Origin: Spine of scapula and acromion

Insertion: lateral surface of humerus

Function: abduction and external rotation of shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Interbercular groove of humerus

Function: draws forelimb towards chest

Supraspinatus

Origin: Surface of supraspinous fossa

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: stabilizes shoulder joint

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: external rotation of shoulder joint

Teres major

Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Function: internal rotation and extension of shoulder joint

Teres Minor

Origin: posterior aspect of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: stabilizes shoulder joint and external rotation of humerus

Rhomboideus cervicis et thoracis

Origin: Dorsal median raphe of neck

Insertion: Dorsal border of scapula

Function: retract and elevate the scapula

Rhomboideus capitis

Origin: superior nuchal line

Insertion: scapula

Function: draws scapula towards backside of body

Serratus ventralis

Origin: serratus ventralis cervicis

Insertion: medial surface of scapula

Function: supports thorax and controls movement of scapula

Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Function: internal rotation and adduction of humerus

Scalenus

Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Insertion: scalene tubercle of first rib

Function: assists in neck movements

Epitrochlearis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: olecranon of ulna

Function: weak extensor of elbow joint

Triceps brachii

Origin: posterior surface of humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Function: extends the elbow

Anconeus

Origin: dorsal side of distal humerus

Insertion: lateral surface of ulna

Function: Helps with elbow extension

Clavobrachialis

Origin: clavicle

Insertion: lateral humerus

Function: draws clavicle dorsally and towards head

Biceps brachii

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

Function: flexion of elbow and shoulder

Sartorius

Origin: ventrocranial iliac spine and iliac crest

Insertion: medial side of tibia and tibial crest

Function: flexes the hip

Tensor fasciae latae

Origin: anterior aspect of iliac crest

Insertion: iliotibial tract along lateral side of thigh

Function: helps stabilize the hip and knee joints

Biceps femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal hind limb and head of fibula

Function: extends the hip and flexes knee joints

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ventrocaudal end of sacrotuberous

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and tibial crest

Function: hip extension and knee flexion

Caudofemoralis

Origin: transverse process of second and third caudal vertebrae

Insertion: fascia latae on patella

Function: flexes tail laterally

Tenuissimus

Origin: Ventrocaudal edge of sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: crural fascia

Function: abducts limb and flexes the stifle

Gluteus maximus

Origin: gluteal fascia

Insertion: trochanter tertius of femur

Function: hip extension

Gluteus medius

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Function: helps move leg away from midline of body

Rectus femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: patella tendon

Function: extends the stifle

Vastus lateralis

Origin: cranial part of proximal 5th of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Function: tenses the fascia curries

Vastus medialis

Origin: proximal 5th of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity

Function: extends stifle joint and tenses fascia cururis

Vastus intermedius

Origin: lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: lateral margin of patella

Function: knee extension

Gracilis

Origin: medial aspect of ischiopubic ramus

Insertion: medial surface of tibia

Function: adduct the thigh and flex the knee

Semimembranosus

Origin: superolateral surface of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Function: flexes the knee and extends hip

Pectineus

Origin: pectineal line of pubis bone

Insertion: pectineal line of femur

Function: hip adduction and flexion

Adductor femoris brevis et magnus

Origin: pubic symphysis and ischial ramus

Insertion: linea aspera

Function: adducts and extends thigh

Adductor femoris longus

Origin: pubis bone

Insertion: medial femur

Function: adduct and rotate hip joint

Serratus dorsalis

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: lateral surfaces of ribs 2-10

Function: lifts and depresses the ribs

External intercostal

Origin: inferior surface of ribs

Insertion: superior and distal parts of lower ribs

Function: primary respiratory muscles that help with respiration

Internal intercostal

Origin: inner surface of costal groove of ribs

Insertion: superior border of rib below

Function: exhalation

Sternomastoid

Origin: manubrium of sternum

Insertion: mastoid part of temporal bone

Function: draws head and neck to one side

Cleidomastoid

Origin: clavicular tendon

Insertion: occipital bone

Function: draws limb cranially

Sternohyoid

Origin: manubrium of sternum

Insertion: basihyal bone

Function: depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Sternothyroid

Origin: posterior edge of costal cartilage

Insertion: thyroid cartilage of larynx

Function: depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Thyrohyoid

Origin: oblique line of lamina of thyroid

Insertion: inferior border of body

Function: draws hyoid caudally and dorsally

Mylohyoid

Origin: length of mylohyoid line

Insertion: mylohoid raphe

Function: elevates hyoid bone

Stylohyoid

Origin: surface of styloid

Insertion: body of hyoid bone

Function: elevates hyoid bone

Digastric

Origin: jugular process of occipital bone

Insertion: hyoid bone

Function: opens the jaw

Cricothyroid

Origin: arch of cricoid cartilage

Insertion: inferior horn and lamina of thyroid

Function: tenses the vocal chords