EOC Biology Vocab

bio-

life

hetero-

different

homo-, homeo-

same, alike

Monomer

1 unit

Polymer

Many units

Carbohydrate Function

Quick energy

Carbohydrate Monomer

Monosaccharide (sugar)

Carbohydrate Polymer

Polysaccharide (bread, cellulose or chitin)

Carbohydrate Elements

C1H2O1 (1:2:1 ratio)

Carbohydrate Shape

Ring or Circle

Carbohydrate Examples

Sugar, pasta, bread, glucose, cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin

Lipid Function

Stored energy

Lipid Monomer

Fatty Acid/Glycerol

Lipid Polymer

Lipids

Lipid Elements

CHO

Lipid Shape

Line

Lipid Examples

Butter, oil, waxes, hormones (testosterone or estrogen)

Phospholipid

Bilayer cell membrane

Peptide

Protein

Protein Function

Repairs & Hormones

Protein Monomer

Amino Acid

Protein Polymer

Protein

Protein Elements

CHON

Protein Examples

Meat, beans, amino acids and enzymes

Proteins in the Human Body

Muscles

Enzyme

Speeds up

Enzyme Structure & Function

Lock & Key Model

Denatured

Enzyme does not work

Catalyst

Decrease activation energy

Nucleic Acid Function

Genetic Information

Nucleic Acid Monomer

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acid Polymer

DNA

Nucleic Acid Elements

CHONP

Nucleic Acid Shape

Double Helix

Nucleic Acid Examples

DNA & RNA

RNA

Single stranded

rungs of DNA ladder

bases

hydrogen bonds

hold base pairs together

sides of DNA ladder

alternating phosphates and sugars

bases A, G, C, T

DNA

bases A, G, C, U

RNA

RNA shape

single stranded

A pairs with

T

C pairs with

G

RNA

ribonucleic acid

sugar in DNA

deoxyribose

sugar in RNA

ribose

protein

final product

synthesis

to make or create

mutations

change in DNA sequence

reproduction

produce offspring

cell division

mitosis & meiosis

binary fission

cell duplicates (bacteria/prokaryotic)

mitosis

identical cells (my TOE!)

meiosis

sex cells (ME... how I am made!)

replicate

copy

replication

DNA to DNA

transcription

DNA to RNA

translation

RNA to protein

site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

mRNA

carries the message

tRNA

transfer amino acids

synthesis of proteins

DNA to mRNA to tRNA

codon

three base pairs to code for an amino acid

heredity

passing of traits

crossing over

meiosis

nondisjunction

chromosomes fail to separate

insertion

extra base is added

deletion

base is removed

substitutions

base is replaced

frameshift mutation

moves the message (insertion or deletion)

environmental factors

mutaguns (radiation, chemicals, or infectious agents)

biological traits

specific characteristic

successive generations

inherited traits

sexual reproduction

two organisms make a new organism

asexual reproduction

single parentprokaryotic pro \= NO nucleus

bacteria cells

prokaryotic

eukaryotic

U \= YOUR cells have a nucleus

uni-

one

multi-

many

lys-

to break down

lytic

"lyt" is active and busts

lysogenic

s \= sleeping/dorment

nucleus

brain, DNA

cell membrane

phospholipid bilayer, "bouncer of the cell", selectively permeable

bacteria cell wall

peptidoglycan

plant cell wall

cellulose

found in all cells

cell membrane

virus

non-living, cell wall, protein capsule

bacteria

living

vaccines

viruses

antibiotics

bacteria

-ase

enzymes

semi-

half or partly

co-

together

organelles

specialized structures

ribosome

"rib" is protein

golgi apparatus

"post office" packages and sorts proteins with vesicles

smooth ER

lipids "smooth like butter"

rough ER

proteins "rough like ribs" (ribs \= ribosomes)