BTNY 3624 Exam 1 Anita, Magnoliids, Early Diverging Eudicots

Monocots: Floral parts in 3s, Fibrous roots, Scattered Vascular bundles, Parallel venation, monosulcate pollen

Dicots:

List the differences between monocots and dicots

Annonaceae

Habitat: Woody trees, shrubs, or vines, with ethereal oil cells

Leaves: Simple and Distichous

Stipules: Absent

Inflorescence: Solitary flowers or cyme

Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic

Perianth: Triseriate (3+3+3)

Androecium: Many Stamens, Spirally arranged

Gynoecium: Many carpels, spirally arranged, superior ovary, free carpels, variable placentation

Fruit: Aggregate of berries or dry, indehiscent fruit, or a syncarp due to berry fusion, seeds produce ruminate endosperm

Annonaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Annonaceae

(Distichous leaves)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Magnoliaceae

Habit: woody trees or shrubs, with ethereal oil cells

Leaves: simple and alternate

Stipules: present

Inflorescence: terminal solitary flower

Flowers: bisexual (rarely unisexual), actinomorphic

Perianth: many spiral tepals, ephemeral bract(s) enclosing each flower

Androecium: many laminar stamens, spirally arranged

Gynoecium: many carpels, spirally arranged, superior ovary, free carpels, each with two ovules, marginal placentation

Fruit: aggregate of follicles, samaras, or berries

Magnoliaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Lauraceae

Habit: woody trees or shrubs with aromatic oil cells

Leaves: simple and spiral, rarely opposite or whorled

Stipules: absent

Inflorescence: axillary cyme or raceme

Flowers: bisexual or unisexual

Perianth: usually 3+3 tepals

Androecium: 3-30 stamens, valvate anthers

Gynoecium: one carpels, superior ovary, apical placentation, seeds lack endosperm

Fruit: berry or drupe or dry and indehiscent

Lauraceae

(3+3 perianth, simple leaves)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Lauraceae

(Cyme)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Aristolochiaceae

Habit: herbs, shrubs, or vines, with aromatic oil cells

Leaves: simple and spiral or distichous

Stipules: usually absent

Inflorescence: solitary flower or terminal or lateral racemes or cymes

Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic

Perianth: three fused sepals and corolla absent or of three petals

Androecium: six to many, free or fused with style to form a gynostemium

Gynoecium: 3-6 carpels, inferior to half-inferior ovary, axile placentation

Fruit: capsule, rarely a schizocarp of follicles

Aristolochiaceae

(Fused sepals without corolla)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Aristolochiaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Piperaceae

Habit: herbs, shrubs, trees or vines, with aromatic oil cells

Leaves: simple and spiral

Stipules: adnate to petiole or absent

Inflorescence: spike or spadix

Flowers: bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, bracteat

Perianth: absent

Androecium: 3+3

Gynoecium: one or 3-4 carpels, superior ovary, basal placentation

Fruit: berry or drupe

Piperaceae

(Spike Flower)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Piperaceae

(Spike Flower)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Piperaceae

(Spike Flower)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Saururaceae

Habit: perennial herbs

Leaves: simple and spiral

Stipules: present

Inflorescence: bracteate spike or raceme

Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic

Perianth: absent

Androecium: 3, 3+3, or 4+4, sometimes adnate to base of gynoecium

Gynoecium: 3-5 carpels, superior ovary, carpels free or fused towards the base, parietal placentation

Fruit: capsule

Saururaceae

(Raceme)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Saururaceae

(Raceme)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Nymphaeaceae

Habit: rhizomatous aquatic herb, often with latex

Leaves: simple, peltate

Stipules: present or absent -Inflorescence - solitary flower

Flowers: bisexual and actinomorphic

Calyx: four to six sepals

Petals: 8-many petals

Androecium: many stamens, some laminar, spirally arranged

Gynoecium: 3-many carpels, superior to inferior ovary, fused carpels, laminar or parietal placentation -Fruit: berry

Nymphaeaceae

(Peltate Leaves, aquatic)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Nymphaeaceae

(Peltate Leaves)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Amborellaceae

Habit: woody shrub to small tree

Leaves: simple, alternate, entire to small serrations

Stipules: absent

Inflorescence - axillary cyme

Flowers: unisexual and actinomorphic

Plant dioecious

Perianth: spiral 5-8, undifferentiated

Stamen: Many laminar stamen

Gynoecium: 5-6 free carpels, superior ovary, marginal placentation, one ovule per carpel -Fruit: Drupe (or drupelet or drupecetum)

Amborellaceae

(Actinomorphic, Spiral Perianth)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Schisandraceae

Habit: woody trees or shrubs, with aromatic oil cells

Leaves: simple and alternate

Stipules: absent

-Inflorescence: axillary solitary flower or group of 2-3 flowers

Flowers: bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic

Perianth: 7-many undifferentiated, spiral tepals

Androecium: few to many stamens, spirally arranged

Gynoecium: 5-many carpels, whorled, superior ovary, free carpels, sub-basal placentation

Fruit: aggregate of follicles

Schisandraceae

(Fruit is an aggregate of follices)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Schisandraceae

(Whorled Gynoecium, actinomorphic with spiral tepals)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Myristicaceae

Habit: woody trees, red latex, with ethereal oil cells

Leaves: simple and distichous

Stipules: absent

Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme

Flowers: unisexual, often dioecious, actinomorphic

Perianth: three tepals, partially connate

Androecium: many stamens fused

Gynoecium: one carpels, superior ovary

Fruit: follicle

Myristicaceae

(Unisexual flowers, three tepals)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Myristicaceae

(Fruits are follicles)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Winteraceae

Habit: woody trees or shrubs with aromatic oil cells and without vessels

Leaves: simple and spiral

Stipules: absent

Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme

Flowers: bisexual (rarely unisexual), actinomorphic or zygomorphic

Perianth: 2-4 sepals, free to fused, 5 to many petals in 2 or more whorls

Androecium: 3-many, spirally arranged, often laminar filaments

Gynoecium: one to many free carpels, superior ovary, marginal or laminar placentation

Fruit: aggregate of berries or follicles, rarely a capsule or syncarp

Winteraceae

(Spiral Leaves, solitary flower)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Winteraceae

(2 whorls of petals)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Ranunculaceae

Habitat:

Leaves:

Inflorescence:

Flowers:

Perianth:

Androecium:

Gynoecium:

Fruit:

Ranunculaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Ranunculaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Ranunculaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Ranunculaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Papaveraceae

Habit: annual to perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees, with latex

Leaves: alternate to subopposite, highly dissected

Stipules: absent

Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme

Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic Perianth: 2 caducous sepals, corolla is not fused, petals are in two whorls 2+2 or 3+3

Androecium: 4-6 to many stamen

Gynoecium: 2 to several fused carpels, superior ovary, parietal placentation

Fruit: longitudinally dehiscent or poricidal capsule

Papaveraceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Papaveraceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Papaveraceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Platanaceae

Habitat:

Leaves:

Inflorescence:

Flowers:

Perianth:

Androecium:

Gynoecium:

Fruit:

Platanaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Proteaceae

Habitat:

Leaves:

Inflorescence:

Flowers:

Perianth:

Androecium:

Gynoecium:

Fruit:

Proteaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Buxaceae

Habitat: Herbs to small trees

Leaves: Opposite, simple, evergreen, coriaceous

Stipules: Absent

Inflorescence: Usually compact spikes

Flowers:

Perianth:

Androecium:

Gynoecium:

Fruit:

Buxaceae

(Leathery Leaves)

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Berberidaceae

Habitat: Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees

Leaves: Alternate, petiolate, simple and entire to dissected

Stipules: Usually absent

Inflorescence: Variable, solitary flower to raceme or cyme

Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic

Perianth: 6-7seriate, with 3 parts per whorl, the outer two whorls are sepals, and the inner whorls are petals, the innermost 2-3 whorls are nectariferous

Androecium: Six stamen (4-many) in two whorls

Gynoecium: One carpel, superior ovary, marginal placentation

Fruit: Berry

Berberidaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Berberidaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Berberidaceae

Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?

Petals, sepals, tepals

What is included in the perianth?

True

True or False: The microgametophyte is very reduced in angiosperms

False

True or False; Carpels in angiosperms are always fused.

Carpels

Which organ in angiosperms can be involved in self-incompatibility reactions and will develop into fruits?

7; 8; 5

How many cells are in the megagametophyte in angiosperms? How many nuclei? How many of these nuclei are involved in reproduction?

True

True or False: Most angiosperms have a Polygonum-type megagametophyte, but Nuphar/Schisandra-type is thought to be ancestral.

The time between them is shorter than in gymnosperms

The megagametophyte in angiosperms is very reduced. What effect does this have on pollination and fertilization?

Done

Write out the ABC model of flower development and the associated structures.

A and C

Which genes in the ABC model inhibit each other?

False

True or False: Tracheids and sieve cells usually have larger diameters Sieve tube elements and vessels.

130 million years

Based on fossil records, how old are angiosperms?

Angiosperms

Caytonia, Bennetitales, Pentoxylon, and Glossopteris are also resolved as close relatives for which plant group?

False

True or False; Ovule features have little use in analyzing the phylogeny of different plant groups.