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Monocots: Floral parts in 3s, Fibrous roots, Scattered Vascular bundles, Parallel venation, monosulcate pollen
Dicots:
List the differences between monocots and dicots
Annonaceae
Habitat: Woody trees, shrubs, or vines, with ethereal oil cells
Leaves: Simple and Distichous
Stipules: Absent
Inflorescence: Solitary flowers or cyme
Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic
Perianth: Triseriate (3+3+3)
Androecium: Many Stamens, Spirally arranged
Gynoecium: Many carpels, spirally arranged, superior ovary, free carpels, variable placentation
Fruit: Aggregate of berries or dry, indehiscent fruit, or a syncarp due to berry fusion, seeds produce ruminate endosperm
Annonaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Annonaceae
(Distichous leaves)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Magnoliaceae
Habit: woody trees or shrubs, with ethereal oil cells
Leaves: simple and alternate
Stipules: present
Inflorescence: terminal solitary flower
Flowers: bisexual (rarely unisexual), actinomorphic
Perianth: many spiral tepals, ephemeral bract(s) enclosing each flower
Androecium: many laminar stamens, spirally arranged
Gynoecium: many carpels, spirally arranged, superior ovary, free carpels, each with two ovules, marginal placentation
Fruit: aggregate of follicles, samaras, or berries
Magnoliaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Lauraceae
Habit: woody trees or shrubs with aromatic oil cells
Leaves: simple and spiral, rarely opposite or whorled
Stipules: absent
Inflorescence: axillary cyme or raceme
Flowers: bisexual or unisexual
Perianth: usually 3+3 tepals
Androecium: 3-30 stamens, valvate anthers
Gynoecium: one carpels, superior ovary, apical placentation, seeds lack endosperm
Fruit: berry or drupe or dry and indehiscent
Lauraceae
(3+3 perianth, simple leaves)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Lauraceae
(Cyme)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Aristolochiaceae
Habit: herbs, shrubs, or vines, with aromatic oil cells
Leaves: simple and spiral or distichous
Stipules: usually absent
Inflorescence: solitary flower or terminal or lateral racemes or cymes
Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic
Perianth: three fused sepals and corolla absent or of three petals
Androecium: six to many, free or fused with style to form a gynostemium
Gynoecium: 3-6 carpels, inferior to half-inferior ovary, axile placentation
Fruit: capsule, rarely a schizocarp of follicles
Aristolochiaceae
(Fused sepals without corolla)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Aristolochiaceae
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Piperaceae
Habit: herbs, shrubs, trees or vines, with aromatic oil cells
Leaves: simple and spiral
Stipules: adnate to petiole or absent
Inflorescence: spike or spadix
Flowers: bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, bracteat
Perianth: absent
Androecium: 3+3
Gynoecium: one or 3-4 carpels, superior ovary, basal placentation
Fruit: berry or drupe
Piperaceae
(Spike Flower)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Piperaceae
(Spike Flower)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Piperaceae
(Spike Flower)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Saururaceae
Habit: perennial herbs
Leaves: simple and spiral
Stipules: present
Inflorescence: bracteate spike or raceme
Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic
Perianth: absent
Androecium: 3, 3+3, or 4+4, sometimes adnate to base of gynoecium
Gynoecium: 3-5 carpels, superior ovary, carpels free or fused towards the base, parietal placentation
Fruit: capsule
Saururaceae
(Raceme)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Saururaceae
(Raceme)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Nymphaeaceae
Habit: rhizomatous aquatic herb, often with latex
Leaves: simple, peltate
Stipules: present or absent -Inflorescence - solitary flower
Flowers: bisexual and actinomorphic
Calyx: four to six sepals
Petals: 8-many petals
Androecium: many stamens, some laminar, spirally arranged
Gynoecium: 3-many carpels, superior to inferior ovary, fused carpels, laminar or parietal placentation -Fruit: berry
Nymphaeaceae
(Peltate Leaves, aquatic)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Nymphaeaceae
(Peltate Leaves)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Amborellaceae
Habit: woody shrub to small tree
Leaves: simple, alternate, entire to small serrations
Stipules: absent
Inflorescence - axillary cyme
Flowers: unisexual and actinomorphic
Plant dioecious
Perianth: spiral 5-8, undifferentiated
Stamen: Many laminar stamen
Gynoecium: 5-6 free carpels, superior ovary, marginal placentation, one ovule per carpel -Fruit: Drupe (or drupelet or drupecetum)
Amborellaceae
(Actinomorphic, Spiral Perianth)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Schisandraceae
Habit: woody trees or shrubs, with aromatic oil cells
Leaves: simple and alternate
Stipules: absent
-Inflorescence: axillary solitary flower or group of 2-3 flowers
Flowers: bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic
Perianth: 7-many undifferentiated, spiral tepals
Androecium: few to many stamens, spirally arranged
Gynoecium: 5-many carpels, whorled, superior ovary, free carpels, sub-basal placentation
Fruit: aggregate of follicles
Schisandraceae
(Fruit is an aggregate of follices)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Schisandraceae
(Whorled Gynoecium, actinomorphic with spiral tepals)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Myristicaceae
Habit: woody trees, red latex, with ethereal oil cells
Leaves: simple and distichous
Stipules: absent
Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme
Flowers: unisexual, often dioecious, actinomorphic
Perianth: three tepals, partially connate
Androecium: many stamens fused
Gynoecium: one carpels, superior ovary
Fruit: follicle
Myristicaceae
(Unisexual flowers, three tepals)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Myristicaceae
(Fruits are follicles)
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Winteraceae
Habit: woody trees or shrubs with aromatic oil cells and without vessels
Leaves: simple and spiral
Stipules: absent
Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme
Flowers: bisexual (rarely unisexual), actinomorphic or zygomorphic
Perianth: 2-4 sepals, free to fused, 5 to many petals in 2 or more whorls
Androecium: 3-many, spirally arranged, often laminar filaments
Gynoecium: one to many free carpels, superior ovary, marginal or laminar placentation
Fruit: aggregate of berries or follicles, rarely a capsule or syncarp
Winteraceae
(Spiral Leaves, solitary flower)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Winteraceae
(2 whorls of petals)
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Ranunculaceae
Habitat:
Leaves:
Inflorescence:
Flowers:
Perianth:
Androecium:
Gynoecium:
Fruit:
Ranunculaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Ranunculaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Ranunculaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Ranunculaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Papaveraceae
Habit: annual to perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees, with latex
Leaves: alternate to subopposite, highly dissected
Stipules: absent
Inflorescence: solitary flower or cyme
Flowers: bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic Perianth: 2 caducous sepals, corolla is not fused, petals are in two whorls 2+2 or 3+3
Androecium: 4-6 to many stamen
Gynoecium: 2 to several fused carpels, superior ovary, parietal placentation
Fruit: longitudinally dehiscent or poricidal capsule
Papaveraceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Papaveraceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Papaveraceae
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Platanaceae
Habitat:
Leaves:
Inflorescence:
Flowers:
Perianth:
Androecium:
Gynoecium:
Fruit:
Platanaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Proteaceae
Habitat:
Leaves:
Inflorescence:
Flowers:
Perianth:
Androecium:
Gynoecium:
Fruit:
Proteaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Buxaceae
Habitat: Herbs to small trees
Leaves: Opposite, simple, evergreen, coriaceous
Stipules: Absent
Inflorescence: Usually compact spikes
Flowers:
Perianth:
Androecium:
Gynoecium:
Fruit:
Buxaceae
(Leathery Leaves)
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Berberidaceae
Habitat: Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees
Leaves: Alternate, petiolate, simple and entire to dissected
Stipules: Usually absent
Inflorescence: Variable, solitary flower to raceme or cyme
Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic
Perianth: 6-7seriate, with 3 parts per whorl, the outer two whorls are sepals, and the inner whorls are petals, the innermost 2-3 whorls are nectariferous
Androecium: Six stamen (4-many) in two whorls
Gynoecium: One carpel, superior ovary, marginal placentation
Fruit: Berry
Berberidaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Berberidaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Berberidaceae
Identify the family. What are some distinctive features?
Petals, sepals, tepals
What is included in the perianth?
True
True or False: The microgametophyte is very reduced in angiosperms
False
True or False; Carpels in angiosperms are always fused.
Carpels
Which organ in angiosperms can be involved in self-incompatibility reactions and will develop into fruits?
7; 8; 5
How many cells are in the megagametophyte in angiosperms? How many nuclei? How many of these nuclei are involved in reproduction?
True
True or False: Most angiosperms have a Polygonum-type megagametophyte, but Nuphar/Schisandra-type is thought to be ancestral.
The time between them is shorter than in gymnosperms
The megagametophyte in angiosperms is very reduced. What effect does this have on pollination and fertilization?
Done
Write out the ABC model of flower development and the associated structures.
A and C
Which genes in the ABC model inhibit each other?
False
True or False: Tracheids and sieve cells usually have larger diameters Sieve tube elements and vessels.
130 million years
Based on fossil records, how old are angiosperms?
Angiosperms
Caytonia, Bennetitales, Pentoxylon, and Glossopteris are also resolved as close relatives for which plant group?
False
True or False; Ovule features have little use in analyzing the phylogeny of different plant groups.