manifestations of behavior (5)

psychopathology

the field convened with the natures, development, and treatment of psychological disorders

abnormal psychology

branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behaviors, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate underlying condition

psychological disorders

psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

dysfunction

breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

distress

individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly

deviance

deviates from the average or the norm of the culture

dangerousness

creates potential harm to self and others

disability

impairment (limitations) in some important area of life

duration

how long the mental state has been persisting

normal behavior

one behavior that is like other people in the society

normality

social conformity, personal comfort, and a process

criteria for determining abnormal behavior

norm-violation, statistical rarity, personal discomfort, deviation, and maladaptiveness

presenting problem

chief complaint

clinical description

represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder

diagnosis

process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder

prevalence

how many people experience the disorder (# of active cases)

incidence

how many cases occur during a given period (# of new cases)

cause

how the disorder will progress

chronic cause

lifetime

episodic cause

likely to recover

time-limited cause

one time, will improve without treatment

onset

how the disorder develops

acute onset

sudden

insidious onset

gradual

prognosis

anticipated course of a disorder

good prognosis

high chance of possibility to recover

guarded prognosis

low chance of recovery

sign

manifestation of disease that the physician receive

symptoms

subjective representation of the complaints of the patient

syndrome

group of symptoms that occur together more often by chance

etiology

study of origins why the disorder begins

epidemiology

study of the distribution of disease, or health-related behaviors in a given population

ego syntonic

actions align with the client’s personal goals, values, and beliefs

ego dystonic

actions that are inconsistent with the client’s ego

clinical disorders

dsm 4 axis 1

mental health and substance use disorders

dsm 5 axis 1

personality disorders and mental retardation

dsm 4 axis 2

personality disorders and intellectual disability

dsm 5 axis 2

general medical conditions

dsm 4 axis 3

psychosocial and environmental problems

dsm 4 axis 4

global assessment of functioning

dsm 4 axis 5