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Ap Euro Exam studying the Renaissance and Italian Polotics for the time period.
Who was Niccolo Machiavelli, what were his published works, and what was his significance?
Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence; Italy and he was a philosopher, diplomat, and author.
His works were:
The prince (1513)
Explained how rulers should control / govern their people.
Discourses on Livy
Work that examined how governments should manage their time, money, resources, and most importantly people.
His significance was:
Realism over Idealism
Observed political landscape as it existed.
Created the foundation of modern political thinking/ideas.
What is Civic Humanism?
Civic Humanism was all the work that a person did to shape/mold their minds into a morally correct mind that should be applied to the political and economic realities of the state in which they lived.
What was Agricultural Capitalism
Agricultural Capitalism was the system in which farming becomes focused more on making profit rather than just goods.
Who was Baldassare Castiglione, What were his works, and What was his significance?
Baldassare, born in 1478, was an Italian Courtier, Diplomat, Soldier, and Writer who came from an distinguished family and received a humanist education.
Baldassare’s works included:
The Courtier (1528)
It trained and discipline young men to become gentlemen.
Taught them polished and civilized behavior.
Baldassare’s significance was:
He served as a key model for civil behaviour
Played a large role in introducing the humanistic outlook.
Who were the Medici Family?
They were 3 branches of Italian Bourgeois; They gave the Roman Catholic Church 4 popes.
Giovanni di Bicci: Founded medici bank in 1397.
Lorenzo: Patron for arts (Bottecelti, da Uirei, Michelangelo.)
Cosimo: Banker and Politician who made the Medici Family rulers.
What was the Hanseatic League?
Banking and Trade network that dominated in the Baltic + North seas where they facilitated commerce by creating trade regulations and establishing trade specialties (economic force without central banking system)
What were the social changes in Nobility?
Shift from the Military to more of an intelligent and artistic patronage (held onto rights and privileges of status.)
What were the social changes regarding peasants in rural areas?
Black death’s population decline led to increased wages and small loosening of their roles to fuedal lords allowing for more bargaining power.
What were the social changes regarding the Townspeople in Urban Areas?
It was the ride of wealthy middle class composed of merchants and bankers, which increased cultural engagement, Powerful middle class with wealthy artisans, merchants, and bankers. (Also added more investment into art and education.
Explain the marriages during the Italian Renaissance.
It was a key part of a family’s prosperity and social standing.
Marriage allowed one to improve social status.
Arranged marriages helped create alliances.
Explain the women/position of women during the Italian Renaissance.
Women were considered property of their fathers/their husbands.
Women’s lives were defined by their social status + family votes.
Explain the children during the Italian Renaissance.
Children were often Baptized after birth.
Women had commonly 10 - 15 children.
Children were completely under control of their parents and were considered individuals and their moral development was concern for parents and the state
Note 
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