Studied by 0 peopleDescribe the Renaissance
time of rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman Cultures.
Who helped finance the renaissance?
Italian Merchants
Humanist believed what about life?
That life has meaning
Humanism Taught
that man was the center of the universe
Humanism focused on
an individuals worth
Civilizations that influenced Renaissance
Greek and Roman
Who was a Renaissance Man
Leonardo da Vinci - scientist, inventor, engineer, and naturalist.
Artists of the renaissance were interested in
nudes , immitations of nature, and pagan scenes.
Raphael famous for painting
frescoes- "school of athens"
Dante and Chaucer wrote in the _____________.
vernacular
book written on political theory by Machiavelli
"The Prince"
Don Quixote
most influential work of the Spanish golden age
Invention that spread renaissance info
gutenberg printing press
3 artist - high renaissance
Leonardo Raphael and Michelangelo
Renaissance began where?
Italy
why city-states prosper?
revival of trade
baking family that ruled florence and funded the arts
de medici
competition of city-states led to
advances in literature, art, music, science, education, and arcitecture.
city-state linking western europe to asia
venice
greatest writer
shakespeare
Architects influenced by
greek and roman - vaulted ceilings, columns , and domes
Talents of Michelangelo
painter, sculptor, and architect- "sistine chapel"
Linear perspective
size of things diminish in the distance
Age of recovery means what
recovery from the plague, from polictical instability, and decline in church power.
Gutenberg revolutionized the
moveable type
city-state with an efficient tax system
Milan
marriages were arranged to
strengthen family businesses
the split between church of England and the Roman Catholic Church was due to
Henry VIII wanted an annulment and the pope wouldn't allow it
1st protestant faith
Lutheranism
Peace of Augsburg 1555
princes could decide the religion of their land
Council of Trents final decrees reaffirmed
Traditional catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs
Describe Martin Luther's 95 thesis of 1517 and what it started
it attacked indulgences and started the protestant reformation
Predestination
the belief that at birth god has decided if you're going to heaven or not
purpose of the Jesuits
preaching teaching and communion
calvinism
started in switzerland . in england they are called puritans
The inquisition or Holy Office
Suppressing heresy
england's reformation rooted in
politics. NOT religion.
Act of Supremacy
made the king of england head of the church of england
Cause of the catholic reformation
to reform its self from the abuses of the catholic church
who was the founder of the Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola
Edict of Worms
Made martin Luther an outlaw in the HRE
Church of England est by
Henry VIII
Purpose of indulgences
it was a payment made of sins in order for acceptance into heaven
Major players in the Protestant Reformation
Luther, Calvin, and Henry VII
John Calvin and Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Beliefs of Martin Luther
Bible sole authority and not the catholic church, Interpret Bible for yourself, and salvation in faith alone and not by good works or indulgences.
Catholic Church Belief about Martin Luther
they believed he was a drunken monk who would change his mind once he sobered up.
Best Educators in the catholic church
Jesuits
Calvinist in england called _________.
puritans
Henry VIII's downfall and what did he want that caused the split from the catholic church
not producing an heir to the throne and wanting his marriage annulled
Result of Vasco da Gama's trip to India
he returned w spices and 1000% profit
Explorer who discovered the Americas
Amerigo Vespucci
Define mercantilism
economic philosophy that absolute monarchs used. it encourage more exporting than importing for the good of the kings country.
Why Europeans wanted a sea route to Asia.
Turks made traveling difficult
Spice Island aka
East indies or Moluccas
Belief about bullion and the wealth of the country-
the more they had the more powerful and rich they were.
Middle portion of triangular trade-
Middle passage
Define balance of trade-
Exporting more than you import.
Describe the triangular trade-
Europeon products are sent to africa then slaves to america and then american materials sent to europe so they can make the resources.
N/A
deez nuts
Cheif motives for eurpeon expansion
God Glory Gold
Define encomienda system-
Took spanish for laborers
Tech in sailing country
portugal
Clinker ship
Hold up for long voyages
Columbian exchange
exchange of plants, animals, slaves.
Treaty of tordesillas-
line of demarcation between spain and portugalfor land.
Prince henry focusion on exploration-
opened schools for navigation.
Effects of spanish empire on native american people-
disease, starvation, forced labor.
Most catholic king-
Phillip 2
Sun king
Louis the 8th
Pallace of Versailles represented-
Power and wealth of france
Explain divine right of kings-
The king received there power form god and were responsible to only god.
Dynasty that began with Henry of Navvare-
Bourbon
7% of the french population was
Hugueots
constitutionalism
consisted of a Monarch and parliament, limited government, and a large standing army.
who was involved in thirty years war?
who wasn't
France, Spain, and Germany
England
petition of rights and how it affected charles I
it reduced the power and authority of the king
Absolutism and its hallmarks
ruler holds total power
Devine Rights
2)Control All the Land
Edict of Nantes and who revoked it when he took the throne
protected huguenots by giving them the right to worship, all political rights, & catholic official religion. Revoked by Louis XIV
Rump Parliament
what was left after Cromwell purged members of Parliament who didn't support him
The Restoration
when Charles II is asked by parliament to take the throne after Cromwell military dictator ship
Why Elizabeth I favored "balance of power"
to keep all major powers equal
Describe the Glorious Revolution
when parliament asked william and mary to come to England and take over. James II fleas!
The Whigs and Tories stance on James II taking the throne
whigs- wanted to exclude James II
Tories- didn't want to interfere
Oliver Cromwell established a __________ ______________ after taking control.
military dictatorship
New Model army's characteristics
Doing battle for God, new military tactics, and were well trained/disciplined.
Charles I execution brought fear to who?
Absolute rulers in europe that were worried that they would have the same death
First Russian ruler to take the title Czar
Ivan II
Peace of Westphalia, 1648
ended the thirty years war. german states can have their own religion.
St. Petersburg was Peter the great's "__________ to the _______"
"Window to the West"
Peter and Catherine the Great wanted to ____________ Russia.
westernize
Exclusion Bill and example
Was proposed by parliament to keep James II (a catholic) from taking the throne
English Bill of Rights
laid the foundation for a constitutional Monarchy
Reasons for Spain's economic decline
owing more than they sold, severe inflation, spent too much on war government was inefficient , and no middle class.
Note
Flashcard