History exam (more details)

Describe the Renaissance

time of rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman Cultures.

Who helped finance the renaissance?

Italian Merchants

Humanist believed what about life?

That life has meaning

Humanism Taught

that man was the center of the universe

Humanism focused on

an individuals worth

Civilizations that influenced Renaissance

Greek and Roman

Who was a Renaissance Man

Leonardo da Vinci - scientist, inventor, engineer, and naturalist.

Artists of the renaissance were interested in

nudes , immitations of nature, and pagan scenes.

Raphael famous for painting

frescoes- "school of athens"

Dante and Chaucer wrote in the \_____________.

vernacular

book written on political theory by Machiavelli

"The Prince"

Don Quixote

most influential work of the Spanish golden age

Invention that spread renaissance info

gutenberg printing press

3 artist - high renaissance

Leonardo Raphael and Michelangelo

Renaissance began where?

Italy

why city-states prosper?

revival of trade

baking family that ruled florence and funded the arts

de medici

competition of city-states led to

advances in literature, art, music, science, education, and arcitecture.

city-state linking western europe to asia

venice

greatest writer

shakespeare

Architects influenced by

greek and roman - vaulted ceilings, columns , and domes

Talents of Michelangelo

painter, sculptor, and architect- "sistine chapel"

Linear perspective

size of things diminish in the distance

Age of recovery means what

recovery from the plague, from polictical instability, and decline in church power.

Gutenberg revolutionized the

moveable type

city-state with an efficient tax system

Milan

marriages were arranged to

strengthen family businesses

the split between church of England and the Roman Catholic Church was due to

Henry VIII wanted an annulment and the pope wouldn't allow it

1st protestant faith

Lutheranism

Peace of Augsburg 1555

princes could decide the religion of their land

Council of Trents final decrees reaffirmed

Traditional catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs

Describe Martin Luther's 95 thesis of 1517 and what it started

it attacked indulgences and started the protestant reformation

Predestination

the belief that at birth god has decided if you're going to heaven or not

purpose of the Jesuits

preaching teaching and communion

calvinism

started in switzerland . in england they are called puritans

The inquisition or Holy Office

Suppressing heresy

england's reformation rooted in

politics. NOT religion.

Act of Supremacy

made the king of england head of the church of england

Cause of the catholic reformation

to reform its self from the abuses of the catholic church

who was the founder of the Society of Jesus

Ignatius of Loyola

Edict of Worms

Made martin Luther an outlaw in the HRE

Church of England est by

Henry VIII

Purpose of indulgences

it was a payment made of sins in order for acceptance into heaven

Major players in the Protestant Reformation

Luther, Calvin, and Henry VII

John Calvin and Foreknowledge

God knows everything that will happen in your life

Beliefs of Martin Luther

Bible sole authority and not the catholic church, Interpret Bible for yourself, and salvation in faith alone and not by good works or indulgences.

Catholic Church Belief about Martin Luther

they believed he was a drunken monk who would change his mind once he sobered up.

Best Educators in the catholic church

Jesuits

Calvinist in england called \_________.

puritans

Henry VIII's downfall and what did he want that caused the split from the catholic church

not producing an heir to the throne and wanting his marriage annulled

Result of Vasco da Gama's trip to India

he returned w spices and 1000% profit

Explorer who discovered the Americas

Amerigo Vespucci

Define mercantilism

economic philosophy that absolute monarchs used. it encourage more exporting than importing for the good of the kings country.

Why Europeans wanted a sea route to Asia.

Turks made traveling difficult

Spice Island aka

East indies or Moluccas

Belief about bullion and the wealth of the country-

the more they had the more powerful and rich they were.

Middle portion of triangular trade-

Middle passage

Define balance of trade-

Exporting more than you import.

Describe the triangular trade-

Europeon products are sent to africa then slaves to america and then american materials sent to europe so they can make the resources.

N/A

deez nuts

Cheif motives for eurpeon expansion

God Glory Gold

Define encomienda system-

Took spanish for laborers

Tech in sailing country

portugal

Clinker ship

Hold up for long voyages

Columbian exchange

exchange of plants, animals, slaves.

Treaty of tordesillas-

line of demarcation between spain and portugalfor land.

Prince henry focusion on exploration-

opened schools for navigation.

Effects of spanish empire on native american people-

disease, starvation, forced labor.

Most catholic king-

Phillip 2

Sun king

Louis the 8th

Pallace of Versailles represented-

Power and wealth of france

Explain divine right of kings-

The king received there power form god and were responsible to only god.

Dynasty that began with Henry of Navvare-

Bourbon

7% of the french population was

Hugueots

constitutionalism

consisted of a Monarch and parliament, limited government, and a large standing army.

who was involved in thirty years war?

who wasn't

France, Spain, and Germany

England

petition of rights and how it affected charles I

it reduced the power and authority of the king

Absolutism and its hallmarks

ruler holds total power

1) Devine Rights

2)Control All the Land

3)

Edict of Nantes and who revoked it when he took the throne

protected huguenots by giving them the right to worship, all political rights, & catholic official religion. Revoked by Louis XIV

Rump Parliament

what was left after Cromwell purged members of Parliament who didn't support him

The Restoration

when Charles II is asked by parliament to take the throne after Cromwell military dictator ship

Why Elizabeth I favored "balance of power"

to keep all major powers equal

Describe the Glorious Revolution

when parliament asked william and mary to come to England and take over. James II fleas!

The Whigs and Tories stance on James II taking the throne

whigs- wanted to exclude James II

Tories- didn't want to interfere

Oliver Cromwell established a \__________ \______________ after taking control.

military dictatorship

New Model army's characteristics

Doing battle for God, new military tactics, and were well trained/disciplined.

Charles I execution brought fear to who?

Absolute rulers in europe that were worried that they would have the same death

First Russian ruler to take the title Czar

Ivan II

Peace of Westphalia, 1648

ended the thirty years war. german states can have their own religion.

St. Petersburg was Peter the great's "\__________ to the \_______"

"Window to the West"

Peter and Catherine the Great wanted to \____________ Russia.

westernize

Exclusion Bill and example

Was proposed by parliament to keep James II (a catholic) from taking the throne

English Bill of Rights

laid the foundation for a constitutional Monarchy

Reasons for Spain's economic decline

owing more than they sold, severe inflation, spent too much on war government was inefficient , and no middle class.