CELL-CYCLE

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Cell Division

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46 Terms

1

Cell Division

The process by which cells reproduce and divide.

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2

Unicellular organisms

Organisms that consist of a single cell and reproduce through cell division.

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3

Multicellular organisms

Organisms that consist of multiple cells and depend on cell division for development, growth, and repair.

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4

Mitosis

The division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cell division.

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5

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cell division.

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6

Meiosis

Sex cells are produced after a reduction in chromosome number

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7

Interphase and mitotic phase

Cell Cycle consists of

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8

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

interphase can be divided into subphases

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9

Mitotic phase


Is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis

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10

Interphase

The preliminary stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.

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11

Chromatin

Long, thin strands of DNA that condense into chromosomes during cell division.

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12

Sister chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere.

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13

Centromere

The constricted region of a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together.

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14

Kinetochore

A complex protein-containing structure to which microtubules attach during cell division.

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15

Checkpoint

A critical control point in the cell cycle where "stop" and "go-ahead" signals regulate the cell cycle.

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16

Mitotic phase

The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

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17

Mitosis

The process of cell division that involves the division of the nucleus and genetic material, resulting in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

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18

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm that occurs after mitosis, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

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19

PMAT

An acronym for the stages of mitosis - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

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20

Cleavage furrow

A groove that forms during cytokinesis in animal cells, indicating the site of cell division.

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21

Centrosomes

Structures that contain centriole pairs and play a role in organizing the mitotic spindle during mitosis.

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22

Chromatin

The material that makes up chromosomes, consisting of DNA and proteins.

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23

Sister chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome that are connected at the centromere.

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24

Kinetochore

A protein structure on the centromere of a chromosome that attaches to spindle fibers during mitosis.

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25

Microtubules

Tubular structures that make up the mitotic spindle and are involved in chromosome movement during mitosis.

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26

Metaphase plate

An imaginary plane in the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase.

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27

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

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28

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where daughter nuclei form and the chromosomes disperse.

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29

Actin

A protein involved in cytokinesis that forms a contractile ring to pinch the cell into two daughter cells in animal cells.

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30

Cell plate

A structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells, eventually becoming the cell wall between the two daughter cells.

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31

Mitosis

The process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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32

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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33

Spindle

A structure made of microtubules that helps separate the chromosomes during cell division.

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34

Nuclear envelope

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.

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35

Dinoflagellates

Unicellular protists in which the nuclear envelope remains intact during cell division.

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36

Microtubules

Hollow tubes made of proteins that help support the cell and assist in various cellular processes.

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37

Cytoplasmic tunnels

Passageways through the cytoplasm that allow microtubules to pass through the nucleus in dinoflagellates.

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38

Diatoms

Another group of unicellular protists in which the nuclear envelope remains intact during cell division, but the microtubules form a spindle within the nucleus.

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39

Prokaryotes

Organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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40

Binary fission

The process of cell division in prokaryotes, where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

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41

Daughter chromosomes

The replicated chromosomes that are separated and move to opposite ends of the cell during cell division.

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42

Non-disjunction

A failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division.

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43

Aneuploidy

A condition in which the chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division, often associated with cancer.

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44

Genetic deletion

A mutation in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.

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45

Chromosomal inversion

A chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed from end to end

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46

Zygote


Is formed from the union of two gametes

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