Respiration and Excretion

respiration

respiration

the process where oxygen and glucose undergo chemical reactions inside cells

cilia

tiny hairlike extensions that move in a sweeping motion, found in the nose

lungs

the main organs of the respiratory system

pharynx

the throat

trachea

the windpipe

diaphragm

a large muscle under the lungs which expands and contracts, which helps with breathing

bronchi

passages that direct air into the lungs

larynx

voice box

vocal chords

folds of tissue stretched across the larynx that produce your voice

alveoli

tiny sacs of lung tissue where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

respiratory system functions

moves oxygen in and carbon dioxide and water out of the body

path of air

nose, pharynx, trachea, lungs (bronchi, alveoli)

gas exchange

in the alveoli, when carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged

tar

a black, sticky substance from tobacco

carbon monoxide

a gas that binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, where the oxygen should go

bronchitis

an irritation of breathing passages, which makes them too narrow

nicotine

an addictive stimulant drug that increases blood pressure and heart rate

emphysema

a disease that destroys lung tissue and lung function

addiction

a physical and/or psychological dependence

lung cancer

when cells make tumors in the lungs

atherosclerosis

build up of fatty materials on blood vessels

passive smoking

when you inhale smoke from other people’s cigarettes

excretion

the removal of wastes from the body

kidneys

the major organs of the excretory system, which remove waste

urea

a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins

nephrons

tiny flitering structures in the kidneys that remove wastes

urethra

a small tube that lets urine leave your body

urine

a fluid that contains fluid and other wastes

bladder

a sac that stores urine

ureters

two narrow tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder

skin

excretes sweat

liver

breaks down proteins