★ pltw medical interventions : unit 1 terms

pltw unit 1 : how to fight an infection terms! this is useful if your teacher does match the term in the test.. feel free to check out my profile for other biomed stuff :]

DNA Amplification

DNA Amplification

the process by which many copies of a piece of DNA are made in a laboratory

DNA cloning

the use of recombinant DNA to replicate DNA within a rapidly reproducing organism

DNA Primer

the anchor and starting point for DNA polymerase to add free nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA in the lab

gel electrophoresis

technique that separates DNA and other molecules based on their size using electric charge

plasmid

a small, circular piece of bacterial DNA that replicates on its own and can be transferred between cells

recombinant DNA

DNA created from more than one individual, possibly of different species

restriction site

a place on a DNA strand that contains specific sequences of nucleotides and can be recognized by restriction enzymes

vector

a carrier of recombinant DNA

contact tracing

identify infected persons, and interview those who may have come in contact with them. Watch those who have been contacted and determine if they become ill

enzyme

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

primary antibodies

antibodies present in tested serum samples as result of an individual's exposure to a pathogen

secondary antibodies

recognize and bind to primary antibodies

substrate

a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme

pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

antigen

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

qualitative data

descriptive data (ex: color, hair type)

quantitative data

data that is in numbers (ex: height, time)

bioinformatics

the field in which you use biology, computers, and information technology to store and analyze genetic data

concentration

the amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance

solvent

a substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance

solute

a substance dissolved in another substance

solution

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances (liquids, solids, gasses, or a combo)

nucleotide

compound composing of a nucleotide linked to a phosphate group; form basic structure unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

ribosomes

a minute particle consisting of RNA and binding messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins

cell wall

a rigid layer sitting outside the plasma of the es of plants, fungi, and bacteria, its there to provide structural support

plasma membrane

provides protection and a fixed environment inside the cell, it transports nutrients into the cell and transports toxins outside the cell

capsule

protects from toxic compounds and allows them to adhere to surfaces and escape the immune system of the host

flagella

a mobility organelle that enables movement and flexibility

pili

used to transfer DNA and used as scaffolding or attachment to surfaces

endotoxins

cause gram-negative sepsis, contributes to structural integrity and acts as bacterial barrier to protect cell from chemical attacks

limited spectrum antibiotics

an antibiotic that is effective against a single organism or disease

broad spectrum antibiotics

an antibiotic that affects a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria

mutation

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

conjugation

One way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contract

transformation

(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

transduction

transfer of genetic material from one organism (such as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector

high frequency in sound

sound wave moves quickly and results in a high pitched sound

low frequency in sound

sound wave is tall and results in a low pitched sound

high amplitude in sound

sound wave is short and results in a loud sound

low amplitude in sound

sound wave is short and results in a quiet sound

outer ear

part of ear that collects and directs sound waves toward the tympanic membrane by a way of a canal which extends inward through the temporal bone

middle ear

Containing a chain of 3 ossicles that extends from tympanic membrane to oval window and transmits vibrations

inner ear

organ of hearing and equilibrium that includes the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

pinna

known as the "ear", collects sound waves and channels them into ear canal

auditory canal

amplifies sounds, increase sound pressure levels and helps carry the sound/vibrations to tympanic membrane

eustachian tube

helps to equalize air pressure between atmosphere and middle ear, also drains secrets from the middle ear

malleus

largest part of the ossicle, relays vibrations of incoming sound waves by the tympanic membrane to the incus

incus

transfers vibrations of malleus to stapes

stapes

Conveys sound vibration to the bone's flat base and are then processed into neural data and is transmitted to brain via the cochlear and brain

tympanic membrane

vital in sense of hearing and processing in auditory transduction

sensory hair cells

crucial for hearing and balance

cochlear nerve

transmitting electrical impulses generated for hearing and localization of sounds

oval window

a membrane covering the entrance to the cochlea in the inner ear

vestibule

perceives movement and acceleration, so that the body may maintain equilibrium and balance

vestibular nerve

responsible for balance

cochlea

vital in sense of hearing and processing in auditory transduction