★ pltw medical interventions : unit 1 terms

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pltw unit 1 : how to fight an infection terms! this is useful if your teacher does match the term in the test.. feel free to check out my profile for other biomed stuff :]

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56 Terms

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DNA Amplification

the process by which many copies of a piece of DNA are made in a laboratory

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DNA cloning

the use of recombinant DNA to replicate DNA within a rapidly reproducing organism

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DNA Primer

the anchor and starting point for DNA polymerase to add free nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA in the lab

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gel electrophoresis

technique that separates DNA and other molecules based on their size using electric charge

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plasmid

a small, circular piece of bacterial DNA that replicates on its own and can be transferred between cells

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recombinant DNA

DNA created from more than one individual, possibly of different species

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restriction site

a place on a DNA strand that contains specific sequences of nucleotides and can be recognized by restriction enzymes

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vector

a carrier of recombinant DNA

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contact tracing

identify infected persons, and interview those who may have come in contact with them. Watch those who have been contacted and determine if they become ill

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enzyme

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

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primary antibodies

antibodies present in tested serum samples as result of an individual's exposure to a pathogen

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secondary antibodies

recognize and bind to primary antibodies

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substrate

a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme

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pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

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antigen

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

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qualitative data

descriptive data (ex: color, hair type)

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quantitative data

data that is in numbers (ex: height, time)

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bioinformatics

the field in which you use biology, computers, and information technology to store and analyze genetic data

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concentration

the amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance

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solvent

a substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance

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solute

a substance dissolved in another substance

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solution

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances (liquids, solids, gasses, or a combo)

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nucleotide

compound composing of a nucleotide linked to a phosphate group; form basic structure unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

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ribosomes

a minute particle consisting of RNA and binding messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins

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cell wall

a rigid layer sitting outside the plasma of the es of plants, fungi, and bacteria, its there to provide structural support

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plasma membrane

provides protection and a fixed environment inside the cell, it transports nutrients into the cell and transports toxins outside the cell

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capsule

protects from toxic compounds and allows them to adhere to surfaces and escape the immune system of the host

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flagella

a mobility organelle that enables movement and flexibility

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pili

used to transfer DNA and used as scaffolding or attachment to surfaces

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endotoxins

cause gram-negative sepsis, contributes to structural integrity and acts as bacterial barrier to protect cell from chemical attacks

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limited spectrum antibiotics

an antibiotic that is effective against a single organism or disease

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broad spectrum antibiotics

an antibiotic that affects a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria

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mutation

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

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conjugation

One way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contract

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transformation

(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

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transduction

transfer of genetic material from one organism (such as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector

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high frequency in sound

sound wave moves quickly and results in a high pitched sound

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low frequency in sound

sound wave is tall and results in a low pitched sound

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high amplitude in sound

sound wave is short and results in a loud sound

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low amplitude in sound

sound wave is short and results in a quiet sound

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outer ear

part of ear that collects and directs sound waves toward the tympanic membrane by a way of a canal which extends inward through the temporal bone

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middle ear

Containing a chain of 3 ossicles that extends from tympanic membrane to oval window and transmits vibrations

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inner ear

organ of hearing and equilibrium that includes the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

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pinna

known as the "ear", collects sound waves and channels them into ear canal

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auditory canal

amplifies sounds, increase sound pressure levels and helps carry the sound/vibrations to tympanic membrane

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eustachian tube

helps to equalize air pressure between atmosphere and middle ear, also drains secrets from the middle ear

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malleus

largest part of the ossicle, relays vibrations of incoming sound waves by the tympanic membrane to the incus

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incus

transfers vibrations of malleus to stapes

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stapes

Conveys sound vibration to the bone's flat base and are then processed into neural data and is transmitted to brain via the cochlear and brain

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tympanic membrane

vital in sense of hearing and processing in auditory transduction

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sensory hair cells

crucial for hearing and balance

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cochlear nerve

transmitting electrical impulses generated for hearing and localization of sounds

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oval window

a membrane covering the entrance to the cochlea in the inner ear

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vestibule

perceives movement and acceleration, so that the body may maintain equilibrium and balance

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vestibular nerve

responsible for balance

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cochlea

vital in sense of hearing and processing in auditory transduction