UTA POLS 2311 ch 5-7 pretest

_______________ was the reason for the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case.

-comparable worth.

-affirmative action.

-Native Americans' civil rights.

-sexual harassment.

-affirmative action.

In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of ________________________, that state bans on same-sex marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment.

-Shelby County v. Holder

-Loving v. Virginia

-Obergefell v. Hodges

-Lau v. Nichols

-Obergefell v. Hodges

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

-was conducted by Black Americans seeking equality of rights.

-brought about greater rights for the disabled.

-came in response to the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

-was conducted by women seeking the right to vote.

-was conducted by Black Americans seeking equality of rights.

The women's suffrage movement was initially aligned with

-the abolition movement.

-the modern environmental movement.

-the Progressive movement.

-the modern civil rights movement.

-the abolition movement.

T/F The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was aimed at eliminating discrimination by private individuals in their employment practices and in their operation of public accommodations (e.g., hotels, restaurants).

True

____________________ appointed the first woman ever to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

-President Clinton

-President Reagan

-President Truman

-President Obama

-President Reagan

African Americans voting increased significantly after which of the following?

-the Voting Rights Act of 1965

-the Nineteenth Amendment

-the Civil Rights Act of 1964

-the Twenty-Fourth Amendment

-the Voting Rights Act of 1965

T/F Housing in America continues to evidence a high degree of racial segregation.

True

In 1968, the Civil Rights Act was passed to prohibit discrimination in

-hiring.

-voting.

-housing.

-education.

-housing.

T/F The average annual income of Hispanic Americans is relatively close to the national average.

False

Which type of household has the LOWEST percentage of families living in poverty?

-two-parent family

-female-headed family

-single-parent family

-male-headed family

-two-parent family

T/F Women in America obtained the right to vote in 1890.

False

On August 28, 1963, the famous speech about the dream of an America where people are judged by character and not skin color was delivered by

-Martin Luther King Jr.

-Thurgood Marshall.

-John F. Kennedy.

-Jesse Jackson.

-Martin Luther King Jr.

The first Asian immigrants to come to America in large numbers

-were welcomed as equals by most whites.

-were brought in as laborers in mines and railroad construction.

-did not arrive until the early 20th century.

-settled primarily in the Midwest and Northeast.

-were brought in as laborers in mines and railroad construction.

In 1848, ____________________ was the site of the first well-organized attempt to promote women's rights.

-Seneca Falls, New York.

-Madison, Wisconsin.

-Boston, Massachusetts.

-San Francisco, California.

Seneca Falls, New York.

The indigenous people of the United States

-are U.S. citizens unless they choose to live on a reservation.

-have always been legal citizens of the United States.

-were not given citizenship status en masse until the 20th century.

-do not today have the full legal rights of other U.S. citizens.

-were not given citizenship status en masse until the 20th century.

Native Americans (select all that apply)

-today number more than 2 million.

-can now teach children exclusively in their native language in schools run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

-are less than half as likely to finish college as other Americans.

-have a far higher infant mortality rate than the national average.

-today number more than 2 million.

-can now teach children exclusively in their native language in schools run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

-are less than half as likely to finish college as other Americans.

-have a far higher infant mortality rate than the national average.

The Supreme Court ruled in the Brown v. Board of Education decision that racial segregation in schools violated the

-establishment clause of the First Amendment.

-Civil Rights Act.

-due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.

-equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

-equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

T/F Mandatory retirement ages for most jobs have been eliminated by law.

True

The policy of affirmative action arose when

-the Supreme Court rendered its Adarand v. Peña decision in 1995.

-the Supreme Court declared in Bakke that the Fourteenth Amendment requires government and large firms to hire more women and minorities.

-the Supreme Court ruled that de facto discrimination is unlawful.

-it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment through the 1964 Civil Rights Act alone or through individual lawsuits.

-it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment through the 1964 Civil Rights Act alone or through individual lawsuits.

T/F Women are less likely than men to favor the use of force to settle international disputes.

True

A situation in which people base their concerns on a group identity and align themselves politically with those who share that identity is called

-identification.

-identity politics.

-racism.

-an echo chamber.

-identity politics.

Which of the following actions by a member of Congress would likely lead Edmund Burke to classify that member as a "trustee"?

-The member votes against a resolution declaring war, believing it unwise, despite her constituents having a majority opinion in favor of the war.

-The member votes against a resolution declaring war because she agrees with her constituents that it is unwise to pursue military conflict at that time.

-The member conducts extensive polling to determine the will of her constituents.

-The member votes for a declaration of war because her constituents favor it by large majorities, even though she personally opposes it.

-The member votes against a resolution declaring war, believing it unwise, despite her constituents having a majority opinion in favor of the war.

Polling accuracy is often incorrect when people

-have an opinion and reveal it.

-admit they are not familiar with an issue and offer no opinion.

-are asked about familiar issues.

-give what they regard as the socially correct response to certain questions even though they think differently.

-give what they regard as the socially correct response to certain questions even though they think differently.

The Gallup poll has correctly predicted the presidential election results in every election except the

-2000 Bush-Gore.

-1928 Hoover-Smith.

-1948 Truman-Dewey.

-1964 Johnson-Goldwater.

-1948 Truman-Dewey.

According to a recent Pew Research Center poll, young adults are substantially more likely than senior citizens to support

-strengthening Social Security.

-religious teaching in public schools.

-stronger environmental regulations.

-the use of military force.

-stronger environmental regulations.

_______________________ is the process by which individuals acquire their political opinions.

-Socioeconomic change

-Political socialization

-Popular culture

-Political assimilation

-Political socialization

What is happening in our culture that has increased calls for gun control in the United States?

-record-setting numbers of gun-related deaths

-the political activism of the National Rifle Association

-a sense of embarrassment over gun violence in the international community

-the political messages of the Obama administration

-record-setting numbers of gun-related deaths

Which of the following is false about public opinion polling?

-Polls have a 99.5% accuracy rating.

-Polls can be erroneous at times.

-Sampling error decreases as the size of the sample increases.

-Opinion polls are the most relied-upon method of measuring public opinion.

-Polls have a 99.5% accuracy rating.

Which of the following statements is MOST likely to apply to economic or social liberals? (select all that apply)

-They believe lifestyle choices should be left to the individual.

-They favor more government spending for the poor.

-They prefer a smaller role for government in upholding social and cultural traditions.

-They believe that government should be used to promote traditional values.

-They believe lifestyle choices should be left to the individual.

-They favor more government spending for the poor.

-They believe that government should be used to promote traditional values.

T/F A general belief about the role and purpose of government is called an ideology.

True

As an agent of political socialization, the American family will likely have its greatest effect on an individual's

-professional career.

-party identification.

-choice and form of higher education.

-rate of political participation.

-party identification.

Most conservatives resistant to government intervention

-in both the economic and social spheres.

-in neither the social sphere nor the economic sphere.

-in the economic but not the social sphere.

-only with regard to affirmative action.

-in the economic but not the social sphere.

The most important considerations in determining the accuracy of an opinion poll are

-the anonymous nature of the sampling process and sample size.

-the size of the sample and whether the sample was -selected from the population by a random method.

-the population size and the sample size.

-the sample size and the timeline over which the sample was taken.

-the size of the sample and whether the sample was -selected from the population by a random method.

Which of the following is/are a primary socializing agent? (select all that apply)

-peers

-school

-church

-family

-school

-church

-family

T/F Party identification refers to the percentage of polled individuals that claim membership in a particular party.

False

Which of the following groups in the U.S. shows the highest support for collective bargaining and other union activities?

-workers in the skilled crafts

-factory workers

-workers in the service sector

-white-collar workers

-factory workers

A member of Congress who wants to act on what the majority of his or her constituency thinks on a particular issue would be advised to respond to which of the following indicators?

-public demonstrations by constituents

-the editorial positions of newspapers in the constituency

-letters from constituents

-a poll based on a random selection sample of constituents

-a poll based on a random selection sample of constituents

Dramatic changes in party identification are not the norm, when it does occur it is most often a consequence of

-major upheaval.

-a change in the policy position of the president.

-a change in the law.

-a Supreme Court ruling.

-major upheaval.

A properly drawn sample of one thousand individuals has a sampling error of roughly plus or minus

-1 percent.

-3 percent.

-8 percent.

-5 percent.

-3 percent.

Which of the following age group is least likely to vote?

- older adults

- senior citizens

- young adults

- middle-aged adults

young adults

Which of the following movements gained national attention in response to the killing of George Floyd in Minnesota in 2020?

- Black Lives Matter

- the National School Walkout

- Occupy Wall Street

- #MeToo

Black Lives Matter

"Independents" are those who do not identify with Democrats or Republicans and tend to be idealized in high school students. Yet their lack of partisanship makes it less likely that they have

- a stake in national elections.

- political interest.

- the ability to think critically.

- a job.

political interest.

Poll taxes, literacy tests and other means were ways to

- ensure that women voted with their husbands, who legally controlled the money in a marriage.

- ensure that the people who voted would take the vote seriously.

- disenfranchise African Americans in the South.

- finance election campaigns.

disenfranchise African Americans in the South.

Voter registration began in the United States

- applies to voting in general elections but not in primary elections.

- has vastly increased voter turnout.

- is the responsibility of the government, which adds legally qualified individuals automatically to the registration rolls.

- as a way of preventing voters from casting more than one ballot on Election Day.

as a way of preventing voters from casting more than one ballot on Election Day.

Political protests

- have become more spontaneous and unlawful in recent years.

- are today mostly aimed at local laws and local political targets.

- are more common in the United States today than in most European democracies.

- are seen by most Americans as something to be accepted but not admired.

are seen by most Americans as something to be accepted but not admired.

Compared with U.S. citizens of higher incomes, those of lower incomes are much less likely to vote in elections.

True

False

True

Occupy Wall Street's main target has been

- the widening income gap between the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans and the rest of society.

- the need to have better regulation of stock trading.

- the necessity of overthrowing capitalism and replacing it with socialism.

- the undue influence of the Tea Party in national politics.

the widening income gap between the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans and the rest of society.

Which of the following beliefs is widespread among Americans, according to a poll conducted by Stanford University?

- Governments routinely practice election fraud.

- It is normal for presidents to reject election results on allegations of fraud.

- The American government protects fair elections worldwide.

- Americans are less likely to commit voter fraud than Europeans.

- Americans carry out a meaningful amount of voter fraud every year.

Americans carry out a meaningful amount of voter fraud every year.

At the founding of the United States the only persons who could vote were

- all males and females who were at least 21 years of age.

- all native-born citizens.

- only citizens who had lived in the nation for at least 10 years.

- only males who owned property.

only males who owned property.

Because there are so many elections in the United States it tends to reduce voter turnout by

- focusing too much attention on state and local elections.

- increasing the amount of taxes paid at the polls.

- increasing the personal effort needed to participate in all elections.

- creating more complex registration requirements.

increasing the personal effort needed to participate in all elections.

It was only after the passage of the _________________ that African American men were permitted to vote.

Nineteenth

Twenty-First

Twenty-Third

Fifteenth

Fifteenth

Women were not granted the right to vote

- with passage of the Bill of Rights.

- early in the 20th century.

- shortly after the Civil War.

- during the era of Jacksonian democracy.

early in the 20th century.

It was not until the passage of the________ Amendment that 18-20 year-olds were granted the right to vote.

- Twenty-Sixth

- Nineteenth

- Twenty-First

- Fifteenth

Twenty-Sixth

In the United States,

- most states automatically register a person to vote when he or she acquires a driver's license.

- states with easier registration laws have shown no higher turnout rates than states with restrictive registration requirements.

- voter registration periods and locations are highly publicized by the states, but registration requirements prevent many from taking advantage of them.

- voter registration requirements have usually been set by the states.

- the federal government prevents states from forcing residents to register in advance of the election instead of on Election Day.

voter registration requirements have usually been set by the states.

An ongoing effort by citizens who are unhappy with government in order to express their dissatisfaction and trying to change things social or political is a

- popular resistance.

- citizen lobby.

- voter upsurge.

- political movement.

political movement.

The Tea Party began as

- support for American military involvement in Afghanistan.

- support for American military involvement in Iraq.

- opposition to President Obama's climate change policies.

- opposition to high taxes.

opposition to high taxes.

Which of the following statements about political participation and lower-income Americans is true?

- They are more sought out by state and local governments, with the intent to register them as voters, than are wealthier Americans.

- Despite lower voting turnout levels, the high visibility of lower-income Americans leads to them having political influence roughly equal to that of wealthy Americans.

- They are best positioned to participate politically but show the highest level of apathy toward participation.

- They need the most government help but are least likely to engage in collective action to seek it.

They need the most government help but are least likely to engage in collective action to seek it.

Voting (select all that apply)

- does not offer as full an opportunity for political participation as some other activities.

- is a limited form of political participation.

- is the most widespread form of political participation.

- provides citizens with a regular way to express themselves politically.

- does not offer as full an opportunity for political participation as some other activities.

- is a limited form of political participation.

- is the most widespread form of political participation.

- provides citizens with a regular way to express themselves politically.

The "motor voter" law allowed you to drive-up to kiosk and cast your votes.

True

False

False