Ap world man

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

legalism

1 / 883

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

884 Terms

1

legalism

A school of Chinese philosophy. Prominent during Warring States Period. Had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty. Based on a pessimistic view of human nature. Social harmony could only be attained through strong government control and the imposition of strict laws, enforced absolutely.

New cards
2

Tang

Continuing the imperial revival started by the Sui Dynasty this dynasty that followed restored the Chinese imperial impulse four centuries after the decline of the Han, extending control along the silk route. Trade flourished and China finally reached its western limits when its forces were defeated by the imperial armies of the Muslim Abbasid Empire at the Talas River--which stopped future expansion by both empires.

New cards
3

Siddhartha Gautama

The prince who is said to have founded Buddhism.

New cards
4

Caste system

India's traditional social hierarchy.

New cards
5

Samsara

the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism

New cards
6

Mahayana

The name of the more mystical and larger of the two main Buddhist sects. This one originated in India in the 400s CE and gradually found its way north to the Silk road and into Central and East Asia.

New cards
7

Empress Wu

the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.

New cards
8

Shinto

"Way of the Kami"; Japanese worship of nature spirits

New cards
9

Imperialism

The extension of political rule by one people over other, different peoples. First done by Sargon of Akkad to the Sumerian city states.

New cards
10

Talmud

The collection of Jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining to law, ethics, and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara.

New cards
11

Urbanization

the movement of people to Urban areas in search of work.

New cards
12

Tao-te Ching

the central text of Daoism.

New cards
13

Ummah

The collective community of Islamic peoples, which is thought to transcend ethnic and political boundaries.

New cards
14

Yurt

a portable dwelling used by the nomadic people of Centa Asia such as Mongols, consisting of a tentlike structure of skin, felt or hand-woven textiles arranged over wooden poles.

New cards
15

Safavid

The Safavid Empire that ruled Persia (Iran) between 1502-1736.

New cards
16

Syncretism

The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions.

New cards
17

Sikh

A member of a religious community founded in the Punjab region of India. Developed in the 15th century. They believe in One Immortal Being and the teachings of ten Gurus, starting with Guru Nanak.

New cards
18

Divine Right of Kings

Doctrine that states that the right of ruling comes from God and not people's consent

New cards
19

Glorious Revolution

Following the English Civil War, this event involve the British Parliament once again overthrowing their monarch in 1688-1689. James II was expelled and William and Mary were made king and queen. Marks the point at which Parliament made the monarchy powerless, gave themselves all the power, and wrote a bill of Rights. The whole thing was relatively peaceful and thus glorious.

New cards
20

King Charles I

The English monarch who was beheaded by Puritans (see English Civil War) who then established their own short-lived government ruled by Oliver Cromwell (1650s).

New cards
21

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge signed by all but one of the members of the Third Estate in France. Marks the first time the French formally opposed Louis XVI.

New cards
22

Bourgeoisie

A social class that derives social and economic power from employment, education, and wealth, as opposed to the inherited power of aristocratic family of titled land owners or feudal privileges. It's a term for the middle class common in the 19th century. It's characterized by their ownership of property and their related culture.

New cards
23

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

New cards
24

Shakespeare

A popular English playwright and poet in the 16th century.

New cards
25

95 Theses

It was nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.

New cards
26

Indulgence

Within the Catholic Church, this is the remission punishment for ones sins. Such as for a sin that has already been forgiven by God but which still carries with it some kind of punishment. Centuries ago the Church would sell certificates that would get a person out of purgatory. This practice contributed to the Protestant reformation.

New cards
27

Bartholomew Dias

Portuguese navigator that discovered the Cape of Good Hope in Southern Afica.

New cards
28

Cortes

The Spanish conqueror of Mexico.

New cards
29

Enconmienda

A labor system set up by the Spanish government where Spanish colonists could work the native Americans on their land while compensating them and agreeing to educate some of them and teach them about Christianity. The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse.

New cards
30

Mita

When colonists were allowed to use Indians for forced labor in colonial South America as a form of taxation. The Inca had previously used a similar practice.

New cards
31

Laissez Faire

The belief that the government shouldn't intervene much in the economy and should instead let the people do what they want with their property. by Adam Smith

New cards
32

Capitalism

Economic system with private and corporate ownership of property and competitive markets. However, since its origins in the 18th and 19th century it was also often correlated to large-scale collusion between governments and private industries such as through establishing royal charters, copyrights and patents, corporate law, and eventually even subsidies of taxpayer money to private industries.

New cards
33

Nation-State

A modern concept of a government that controls an area and represents the people of that area, often idealized as a homogeneous people that share a common language and feeling of nationality.

New cards
34

Leonardo da Vinci

A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.

New cards
35

Huguenot

French Protestants who endured severe persecution in the 1600-1700.

New cards
36

Shogun

In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.

New cards
37

Samurai

A member of the warrior class in premodern feudal Japan

New cards
38

Aborigine

The general named often used to describe the original inhabitants of Australia.

New cards
39

Janissary

Elite fighting force in the Ottoman army made up of slaves.

New cards
40

Dar al-Islam

A term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.

New cards
41

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

New cards
42

Colombian Exchange

The trading of various animals, diseases, and crops between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

New cards
43

Trianglular Trade

From the 16th to 19th centuries, the flow of goods between the Americas, Europe in Africa is often described with what geometric shape?

New cards
44

Colonization

The expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the native people and colonists

New cards
45

Creole

Descendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status.

New cards
46

Porfirio Diaz

Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910.

New cards
47

Emiliano Zapata

Revolutionary Leader in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution who originated from the lower classes and was especially appealing to the peasants because he wanted to take land from the haciendas (rich) and return it to them. Ended up assassinated

New cards
48

Young Turks

A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era.

New cards
49

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.

New cards
50

Lusitania

British passenger ship holding Americans that sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915 by German U-Boats killing 1,198 people. It was decisive in turning public favor against Germany and bringing America into WWI.

New cards
51

Zimmerman telegram

This was sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States. Intercepted by the US in 1917.

New cards
52

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the United States during most of the Depression and most of World War II.

New cards
53

Civilian Conservation Corps

A major public works program in the United States during the Great Depression.

New cards
54

Totalitarianism

Government ruled by a single party and/or person that exerts unlimited control over its citizen's lives.

New cards
55

Sudetenland

Land that Germany thought was rightfully theirs due to the large German speaking population

New cards
56

Proxy war

A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate

New cards
57

Khmer Empire

Aggressive empire in Cambodia and Laos that collapsed in the 1400's when Thailand conquered Cambodia

New cards
58

Maori

New Zealand indigenous culture established around 800 CE

New cards
59

Pax Mongolica

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.

New cards
60

Henry The Navigator

This Portuguese prince who lead an extensive effort to promote seafaring expertise in the 14th century. Sent many expedition to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, ultimately to India.

New cards
61

Afrikaners

South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910.

New cards
62

Akbar

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India ( 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of peacemaking with Hindus.

New cards
63

Alexandria

City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.

New cards
64

All-India Muslim League

Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India's Muslim minority. Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it attempted to negotiate with the Indian National Congress. Demanded the partition of a Muslim Pakistan.

New cards
65

Asante

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. A major participant in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory. It resisted British imperial ambitions for a quarter century before being absorbed into Britain.

New cards
66

Atlantic

After 1500, world economic activity gradually began to shift toward this body of water, contributing to the rise of Western European colonialism and economic dominance in the world.

New cards
67

Aztecs

Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.

New cards
68

Bartolome de Las Casas

First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor.

New cards
69

Beijing

China's northern capital, first used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the capital of the People's Republic of China.

New cards
70

Bartolomeu Dias

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.

New cards
71

Bengal

Region of northeastern India. It was the first part of India to be conquered by the British in the eighteenth century and remained the political and economic center of British India throughout the nineteenth century. Today this region includes part of Eastern India and all of Bangladesh.

New cards
72

Benjamin Franklin

American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.

New cards
73

Bhagavad-Gita

The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.

New cards
74

Black Death

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

New cards
75

Bolsheviks

Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. They eventually seized power in Russia in 1917.

New cards
76

Caliphate

Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad.

New cards
77

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

New cards
78

Catholic Reformation

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.

New cards
79

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

New cards
80

Charles Darwin

English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory of evolution.

New cards
81

Chinampas

Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.

New cards
82

City state

A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.

New cards
83

Colonialism

Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power.

New cards
84

Conquistadors

Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)

New cards
85

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

New cards
86

Constitutionalism

The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks.

New cards
87

Cossacks

Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

New cards
88

Cottage industry

Weaving, sewing, carving, and other small-scale industries that can be done in the home. The laborers, frequently women, are usually independent. Most manufacturing was done this way before the industrial revolution.

New cards
89

Cotton

The plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt, and the US

New cards
90

Creoles

In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.

New cards
91

Crystal Palace

Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.

New cards
92

Cultural imperialism

Domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy that encourages cultural assimilation of neighboring foreign peoples or by economic or technological superiority.

New cards
93

Cuneiform

A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.

New cards
94

Dalai Lama

Originally, a title meaning 'universal priest' that the Mongol khans invented and bestowed on a Tibetan lama (priest) in the late 1500s to legitimate their power in Tibet. Subsequently, the title of the religious and political leader of Tibet.

New cards
95

Daoism

Chinese religion that believes the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from 'the way' or 'path' of nature.

New cards
96

Darius I

Third ruler of the Persian Empire (r. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes.

New cards
97

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

New cards
98

Deforestation

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

New cards
99

Democracy

system of government in which all 'citizens' (however defined) have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protections, as in the Greek city-state of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. Demographic Transition,A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birth rate remains high, causing a population explosion. (867)

New cards
100

Driver

A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 31 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard24 terms
studied byStudied by 77 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard34 terms
studied byStudied by 5 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard101 terms
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard37 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard41 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard45 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard36 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard50 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)