American History: Chapter 21

Jacob Riis

-How The other Half Lives

-Photographed poor, immigrant living conditions

Settlement Houses

-Helped poor women, immigrants, and children adjust to American life

Jane Addams

-Hull House - Chicago

-Helped inspire the social work profession

Alice Paul

-advocated women's suffrage

-author of the Equal Rights Amendment

"Bad Trusts"

Monopolies that:

-harmed consumers

-stifled competition

-exploited workers

"Bull Moose" Party

Progressive Party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 advocating:

-New Nationalism

-regulation of big business

-social justice

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

-Early women's rights leader

-co-organizer of Seneca Falls Convention

-advocate for women's suffrage and equality

Eugene V. Debs

-Socialist leader and labor activist

-Workers' rights and public ownership

Eugenics

-Movement promoting selective breeding to "improve" society

-Led to forced sterilizations and discrimination

Father John Ryan

Catholic reformer who supported:

-minimum wage laws

-social justice

-progressive labor reforms

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

-created the Federal Reserve System

- regulate banking

-control the money supply

-stabilize the economy

Gifford Pinchot

-Leader of the conservation movement

-advocated sustainable use of natural resources under goverment management

"Good Trusts"

-Large corporations that were effcient and fair

-Progressives believed these should be regulated, not destroyed

Hetch Hetchy

-Controversial dam project in Yosemite

-Symbolized the conservation vs. preservation debate

Hull House

Settlement house founded to help immigrants with:

-education

-childcare

-job training

Ida Tarbell

-Journalist who exposed Standard Oil's abuses, fueling antitrust reform

Interstate Commerce Act

Federal law regulating railroads to ensure fair rates and curb monopolistic practices.

IWW ('Wobblies")

Radical labor union advocating:

-Industrial unionism

-strikes

-worker solidarity

Lincoln Steffens

Journalist who exposed municipal corruption and political machines

Louis Brandeis

-A lawyer and jurist

-created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.

Muckrakers

Journalist who exposed:

-corruption

-unsafe conditions

-corporate abuse

Municipal Reforms

City-level reforms such as commission governments and professional managers to reduce corruption

NAACP

Founded to combat racial discrimination through legal action and advocacy

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Moderate women's suffrage group that worked state-by-state to win voting rights

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's reform program emphasizing:

-small business

-competition

-antitrust action

Newlands Act

Funded irrigation projects to promote western settlement and agriculture

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's program advocating:

-Strong federal regulation

-social welfare

-corporate accountability

Panic of 1907

Financial crisis exposing weaknesses in banking leading to creation of the Federal Reserve

Professional Associations

Groups that promoted:

-Standards

-Licensing

Expertise in medicine, law, and education

Prohibition

Movement to ban alchohol to adress social problems; culminated in the 18th amendment

Pure Food and Drug Act

Reuired truthful labeling and federal inspection of food and medicine

Referendum

Progressive reform allowing voters to approve or reject laws directly

Robert La Follette

-Leader of Wisconsin Progressivism

-Supported labor rights, regulation and direct democracy

Sierra Club

Preservationist group founded to protect wilderness and national parks

Social Gospel

Religious movement arguing Christanity should address social injustice and poverty

Tammany Hall

Powerful NYC political machine known for patronage and corruption

Thorstein Veblen

Critic of capitalism who coined "conspicuous consumption"

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Factory fire that killed 146 workers; exposed unsafe conditions and led to labor safety laws.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Civil rights activist who demanded immediate equality and co-founded the NAACP

Western Progressives

Reformers focused on:

-Direct democracy

-Regulation of railroads

-Public Land Policy

Woman's Christian Temperance Union

Women-led organization advocating:

-Temperance

-suffrage

-moral reform

Woman's Club Movement

Middle-class women's organizations promoting:

-Education

-Reform

-Civic engagement