csds 117 final exam differential reinforcement to LEAST AVERSIVE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY

The various types of differential reinforcement

Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL), Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO), Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Differential reinforcement

Any procedure that combines extinction and reinforcement to change the frequency of a target behavior

Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

The procedure of reinforcing the target behavior only when it occurs at a low rate" (Chance, 2006, p. 214)/Serves to shape the frequency/intensity of a behavior down/Good for clients who engage in a behavior at high rates

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

procedure of reinforcing an alternative behavior instead of the target behavior/ alternative behavior must be specified + serve same function as problem behavior

Rules for Defining Alternative Behaviors

In the individual's repertoire/Less effortful to perform/More effective in getting reinforcers/More efficient in getting reinforcers

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)

Reinforcing many unspecified behaviors while not reinforcing a specified response targeted for reduction

DRO behaviors receiving reinforcement are: numerous, varied, unspecified

DRO problem behavior is

clearly defined + put on extinction

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

procedure of reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the target behavior

DRI Incompatible behaviors

behaviors that cannot be produced at the same time as the problem behavior

DRI Most effective in

controlling gross motor behaviors

Rules for Using Differential Reinforcement

Define target behaviors/Put undesirable behavior on extinction/Reinforce desirable target behavior/Monitor results

DRL

a reduced frequency of an undesirable behavior is reinforced

DRA

an alternative and appropriate behavior is reinforced; the behavior to be reinforced is specified ahead of time

DRO

any behavior except for the problem behavior is reinforced; only the problem behavior is specified

DRI

a behavior that is physically incompatible with the undesirable behavior is reinforced

functional communication training (FCT)

A specific type of DRA that involves teaching the use of communicative responses that serve the same function as the undesirable behavior

Steps Involved in FCT

Define the Undesirable Behavior/Conduct an FBA/Develop an Alternative Verbal Behavior/Put the Undesirable Behavior on Extinction/Reinforce the Alternative Verbal Behavior

LEAST AVERISE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY

Hierarchy of options; See if aversive methods can be avoided altogether/Use the least restrictive method for as brief a period as possible/Add additional aversive procedures only when necessary

LEAST AVERSIVE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY; GUIDELINES; Behaviors to be reduced and increased should be

defined in operational terms

LEAST AVERSIVE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY; GUIDELINES; undesirable responses

should be prevented

LEAST AVERSIVE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY; do use

Use extinction/differential reinforcement strategies/Premack principle/behavioral momentum/Make treatment setting+process reinforcing/continuous schedule should be used for punishment

LEAST AVERSIVE RESPONSE-REDUCTION STRATEGY; GUIDELINES; reaction/respond/reinforcers

reaction to the undesirable behavior should be immediate/Respond to the earliest element of a response chain/Reinforcers should not immediately follow punishers