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what role did geography play in shaping Native American societies?
It influenced food, sources, housing, economy, and political structures
What was the Colombian exchange?
The transfer of plants, animals, disease, diseases, and people between the Americas and Europe
What was the major demographic impact of European contact?
Massive Native American population decline due to disease
What was mercantilism?
colonies existed to economically benefit the mother country
How did New England and southern colonies differ?
New England: small farms, religious focus. South: plantation, agricultural, slavery.
Why did slavery expand in the colonies?
High labor demand and decline of indentured servants
What caused colonial resentment after the French and Indian war
British taxation policies
Why were the articles of confederation weak?
No power to tax or enforce laws
What principle did the constitution establish?
Federalism and separation of powers
What was the market Revolution?
Shift to industrial production and expanded transportation
how did Jacksonian democracy change politics?
Expanded voting rights for white men
What were major reform movements of period four
Abolition, women's rights ,education reform
What was the primary cause of the Civil War?
Conflict over slavery expansion
What did the 13th amendment do?
Abolished slavery
why did reconstruction fail?
Federal troops withdrew; rise of Jim Crow laws
What is field industrial growth?
Railroad, technology, immigration
What problems did industrial workers face?
Low wages, long hours, unsafe conditions
What was LAISSEZ-FAIRE capitalism?
Government avoided regulating businesses
Why did the US pursue imperialism?
Economic markets, military power, nationalism
What did progressives aim to reform?
Government corruption in big business abuses
what caused the great depression
stock market crash, overproduction, bank failures
What were the three r's Of the new deal
Relief, recovery, reform
Why did the US enter World War II?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
What was containment?
Policy the stop spread of communism
What was the Truman doctrine?
US support for countries resisting communism
What did the brown V Board of Education decide
School segregation unconstitutional
What did the civil rights act of 1964 do
Banned discrimination based on race
Why did the Vietnam war WEAKEN public trust
credibility gap And draft opposition
What was Watergate?
political scandal leading to Nixon's resignation
What was Reaganomics?
Tax cuts and supply side, economic policy
What ended the Cold War?
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
how did globalization affect the US?
Trade and economic interdependence
Compare reconstruction and civil rights movement
Both expanded rights for black Americans; both face resistance
How did federal power expand during new deal?
Government took a larger role in economy
How did World War II transform the US economy?
Ended depression; increased industrial production
How did Westward expansion increase sectional tension?
Debates over slavery in new territories
How did reform movements reflect democratic ideals?
Expanded participation and rights
Compare 1920s and 1950s culture
Economic prosperity; consumerism; social conformity
How did industrialization change immigration patterns?
Increased urban immigration for factory jobs
How did Cold War fears affect domestic policy?
McCarthyism and anti-communist laws
French and Indian war
colonial depth to taxation to revolution
Kansas-Nebraska act
Bleeding Kansas to sectional violence
Stock market crash
Great depression
Pearl Harbor
US enters World War II
Brown V board
Desegregation efforts to civil rights movement exapnasion