Gov final

Contempt

Showing open disrespect for the court or the judge may lead to a citation for

Leading Question

A question phrased in a way that suggests the answer that an interviewer wants to hear.

Objection Sustained

If the judge agrees with an objection by one of the attorneys, she will say

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution (Bill of Rights)

Due Process, The basic procedural guarantees of a fair trial in the U.S. are found in the

Adversarial System

trial procedures designed to resolve conflict through the clash of opposing sides, moderated by a neutral, passive judge who applies the law

Acquit

When a jury has found a person not guilty by a vote of 12-0 they have voted to \___________________.

Burden of Proof

It is up to the state to prove the defendant is guilty, this is known as the \___________________________________.

Exclusionary rule

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

Plea bargaining

A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime.

Opening Statement

A statement made to the jury at the beginning of a trial by a party's attorney, prior to the presentation of evidence. The attorney briefly outlines the evidence that will be offered and the legal theory that will be pursued.

Evidence

first hand testimony, physical objects, stipulated facts-not opening or closing statements

Testimonial-Propaganda technique

This is Bruno Mars. I hope you join me and vote for Bill McKay for Senator".

Parents party membership

The strongest single sociological predictor of which political party a person will likely join

appoints justices

Constitutional "check" exercised by the Executive branch over the Judicial branch of the government

Formal Requirements to be President

1. Natural born citizen 2. Be at least 35 years old 3. Live in the US for the last 14 years

naturalized citizen

A person born in another country who has been granted citizenship in the U.S.

Informal Requirements to be President

Male, white, held previous office, 50 years or older

Party delegates

Member of a party who is sent to the convention. At the national conventions, party delegates from all states write the platform and nominate candidates for president and vice president

blanket primary

election to choose candidates that is open to independents, and that allows voters to choose candidates from all the parties

Political party roles

recruit candidates, serve as the basis for the organization of Congress, help finance campaigns, support candidates

straight ticket

a ballot on which a voter selects candidates from only one political party

supporters of the Democratic party

women, minorities, unions, urban areas

The Republican party generally stands for

limited government, power at the state and local level, free market economics, states rights

Executive privilege

An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.

National political conventions

meetings held every four years by political parties to select a candidate and create a platform.

Judicial Review (Marbury v. Madison)

The power of the supreme Court to decide whether or not the other branches of government have acted in accordance with the Constitution is called

Constitutional and/or legal questions

The basis for the supreme court to review a lower level appeal must be based on

clear and present danger test

According to this legal principle you can't shout "fire" in a crowded theater

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review, a power not found in the Constitution.

it is undemocratic

The main argument against judicial review is that

Interpret the laws

The legislature creates the laws, the executive enforces the laws, what does the Judicial Branch do?

Value Conflict

The police department's desire to tap a telephone to find a criminal and a person's right to privacy is an example of a

Congress

Under the Constitution, who has the power to determine the number of justices on the Supreme Court?

Appointing justices to the court

The executive branch can check the power of the judicial branch by

First amendment

The guarantees of freedom of speech, press, and assembly are found in the

5th amendment

The right to not self-incriminate (testify against) oneself in a criminal trial is found in which Amendment?

8th Amendment

The right against excessive bail & cruel and unusual punishment is found in which Amendment?

People (We the people). found in the Preamble

According to the Constitution, the ultimate authority of government resides in the

Bill of Rights

The basic protections of individual rights and liberties are found in this section of the Constitution?

Political Resources

skill as a public speaker, knowledge of the law, political office

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.

Palestinians

The Arabs who left was it now called Israel in 1948 are known as

coalition

Countries which band together for mutual support and added strength have formed a

language

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all Arabs? they all share a common

containment policy

Established by the Truman administration in 1947 to contain Soviet influence to what it was at the end of World War II.

Executive agreement

A formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval.

Camp David 1978

Accords Agreement in which Egypt recognized Israel as a nation and Israel gave the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt

diaspora

the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel

Balfour Declaration (1917)

British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine.

their perceived national interests

The primary basis for all nations' foreign policy decisions rests with

Population

According to the Constitution, the number of representatives each state gets in the House of Representatives is based on

census

the official count of a population required by the constitution to be done every 10 years

I move that

The correct language or making a motion

quorum

The minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action

Conservative

Which of the following is likely to depend on the "private sector" to solve problems of health care and poverty?

liberals

people who generally favor government action and view change as progress, not radical revolutionaries.

Republicans

The political party with the most conservatives in it

Democrats

The political party with the most liberals in it

glittering generalities-propaganda technique

propaganda technique using short phrases or words to promote positive feelings or emotions. doesn't really say anything specific.

name calling-propaganda technique

Negative names are used for the 'enemy' or opposition, so that the audience has an emotional response to them and are immediately biased against them

bandwagon-propaganda technique

Claiming that an audience should do something because "everybody else is doing it" - this plays on people's fear of being left out

party platform

A political party's statement of its goals and policies for the next four years. The platform is drafted prior to the party convention by a committee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidate's strength. It is the best formal statement of a party's beliefs.

suburban voters

The Republican party draws voters primarily from

referendum

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

secretary of state

The President's chief advisor on foreign policy matters is usually

The President of the U.S.

The chief architect of U.S. foreign policy is

make laws

main function of Congress

life, in good behavior

Length of term for a Federal judge or Supreme Court justice.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay.

Jordan

Executive Branch

The governmental responsibility to enforce the laws rests with the

Amend the Constitution

a 2/3rds vote in Congress and ratification by 3/4th of the states is required to

Sinai Peninsula

Bill of Rights

It was originally aimed at limiting the power of of the Federal government

West Bank

In Israel, a strip of land on the west side of the Jordan River, originally controlled by Jordan, which is part of the land set aside for Arab Palestinians

Arraignment

a hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty or not guilty

Preliminary Hearing

An initial hearing in which a judge decides if there is probable cause to believe that the defendant committed the crime with which he or she is charged

Occupied Territories

Gaza Strip, West Bank, Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula (lands gained during the 6 day war)

Member of the House of Representatives

25 yrs old, citizen of the US for 7 years, citizen of the state

President Pro Tempore

The official chair of the Senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party. Elected by the members of the Senate.

Impeachment

An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."

treaties

Negotiated by the President, Ratified by the Senate

Appropriations (revenue) Bill

This type of Bill must begin in the House of Representatives

Committee

After a bill is introduced to congress, it is sent to the appropriate \_____________ for consideration.

Senate Majority Leader

The primary responsibility for scheduling floor action in the House of Representatives rests with the:

Mitch McConnell (Republican)

Senate Minority Leader

Chuck Schumer (D-NY)

Senate Majority Leader

Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)

Speaker of the House

Young Kim CA-39

Representative for the Troy area

mark up

committee action to amend a proposed bill

Log rolling

a legislator supports a proposal favored by another in return for support of his or hers

censure

The process of Congress punishing one of its' own members for misconduct is called

filibuster

A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.

Cloture

A procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate.

Executive Privilege

An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.