(10) American Pageant Chapter 20-21 APUSH Review

Fort Sumter

The site where the first battle of the Civil War took place, marking the start of the fighting.

Border States

Slave states that remained in the Union during the Civil War, including Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland.

Emancipation Proclamation

A military order issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring freedom for all slaves in Rebel territory.

Contraband

The term used for runaway slaves during the Civil War; they were seen as property captured during the conflict.

Cotton Diplomacy

The Confederate strategy of using cotton exports to gain recognition and support from foreign nations, particularly England.

Conscription Act

The first draft law passed in the North in March 1863, requiring all men ages 20 to 45 to register for the draft.

Morrill Tariff

1861 legislation that raised tariff rates to help pay for the war and protect Northern industry.

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery in the United States.

Dred Scott Decision

A Supreme Court ruling that stated African Americans could not be citizens of the United States.

Political challenges for Lincoln

Lincoln faced opposition from Radical Republicans for not acting quickly enough on emancipation and from various factions within his own party.

Military advantages of the North

The North had industrial resources, transportation infrastructure, and a larger population compared to the South.

Military advantages of the South

The South was fighting a defensive war with a sense of purpose and experienced military leaders.

New York City Draft Riots

Violent riots in July 1863, led by mostly Irish Americans protesting the draft and racial tensions in the North.

Suspension of habeas corpus

Lincoln’s suspension of the writ of habeas corpus during the Civil War, allowing detention without trial.

Presidential power during war

Increase in executive power during wartime as seen by Lincoln’s actions such as ordering a blockade without Congress approval.

Lincoln’s initial war goals

To preserve the Union and prevent the secession of states while avoiding the provocation of border states.

Impacts of the Civil War

Significant loss of life, destruction of the Southern economy, accelerated Northern industrialization, and the preservation of the Union.

Major battles

Important military confrontations during the Civil War, including the Battle of Antietam, which influenced the Emancipation Proclamation.

Veteran military leaders

Experienced military officials from the South, such as Robert E. Lee, who played crucial roles during the Civil War.