Sports Medicine Test 3 Review

Olecranon Fossa

triangular shaped fossa on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus. This is where the olecranon of the ulna goes during elbow extension.

Biceps brachii

large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of upper arm responsible for flexion and supination of forearm

Triceps brachii

large, thick muscle on the dorsal side of the upper arm responsible for extension of the elbow

Lateral epicondyle

bony bump at the bottom of the lateral side of the humerus, where several muscles of the forearm begin their course

Medial epicondyle

bony bump found at the distal end of the medial ridge of the humerus

Cubital tunnel

a tunnel of tissue that runs under a bump of bone at the inside of your elbow (medial epicondyle)

Flexor muscles

they are anterior muscles that help flex the wrist or elbow forward

Extensor muscles

they are posterior muscles that straighten the elbow or bending the wrist backward. The movement is usually backward.

Brachioradialis

forearm flexor that helps us bend our flex our elbows

wrist extensor muscles

three muscles originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; "Tennis Elbow"

Ulnar nerve

Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.

radial nerve

Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.

median nerve

Sensory-motor nerve that is smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves and that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.

Finger Dislocation

Finger joint displacement at DIP, PIP, or MCP

Jersey Finger

an injury to the finger resulting in tearing of the flexor tendon in the fingertip

Finger Fracture

Broken phalanx

Mallet Finger

uncontrolled flexion of DIP

Scaphoid Fracture

a break in the scaphoid bone in the thumb

Trigger Finger

Inflammation and thickening of the tendons of the finger makes it difficult to flex or extend the finger, may become stuck and then snap into position

De Quervain

swelling of thumb tendons due to repetitive wrist movements

Boutonniere Deformity

flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension of DIP joint

Bishop's Deformity

Inability to extend affected fingers because of excessive production of collagen

Swan-neck Deformity

hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion of DIP joint

Skier's Thumb (Game Keeper's Thumb)

sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

Collateral Ligament Sprain

tear of collateral ligament in finger

Bunnell littler test

The MCP joint is held in an extended position and the therapist passively flexes the PIP making note of the available range. The test is then repeated with the MCP joint flexed. If no change in motion is detected between the two tests, then capsular restriction at the PIP joint is implicated. If the motion increases when the MCP joint is flexed, then lumbricale muscle tightness is implicated

Finkelstein test

DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis

Scaphoid shift test

scaphoid fracture

Percussion test for finger

The patient extends their finger, and the physical therapist applies a forceful tap to the tip of the finger. If the patient experiences pain during the test, a fracture diagnosis is likely

Valgus stress test for thumb

force on the thumb that pulls the thumb away from the hand

Varus stress test for thumb

force on the thumb that pulls the thumb towards the hand

Valgus stress test for finger

checking for sprain in collateral ligaments - push joint medially

Varus stress test for finger

checking for sprain in collateral ligaments - push joint laterally

Olecranon process

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

trochlear notch

articulates with trochlea of humerus

shaft of radius

narrow, elongated, central region of the radius

shaft of ulna

narrow, elongated, central region of the ulna

radial head

proximal end of radius

radial neck

connects radial head to the shaft

radial tuberosity

attachment site for biceps brachii muscle

ulnar head

knob-shaped; articulates with a notch on the radius and a wrist bone

radial notch

small proximal lateral notch that articulates with the head of the radius; forms part of the proximal radioulnar joint

ulnar tuberosity

Attachment site for flexors of the ulna.

coronoid process

shaped like a point on a crown; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Humerus head

articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

Humerus neck

below humerus head

Humerus lesser tuberosity

medial

Humerus greater tuberosity

lateral, above the deltoid tuberosity

intertubercular groove

groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

coronoid fossa

depression on anterior distal end of humerus, above trochlear

lateral epicondyle

lateral elevation of the distal end of the humerus

Humerus capitulum

articulates with radius

Humerus trochlea

Ulna trochlear notch

medial epicondyle

medial elevation on the distal end of the humerus

Humerus olecranon fossa

space for the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension

Shaft of humerus

narrow, elongated, central region of the humerus

Ulnar groove

medial for ulnar nerve

Humeral condyle

distal end of humerus

Ulna

medial bone of the forearm (pinky side)

Distal Phalanx

bone in the tip of each finger

Radius

lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)

Proximal Phalanx

bone located most proximal of the three phalanges

Middle Phalanx

the bone located between the proximal and distal phalanges

How many bones are in the hand?

29

DIP

distal interphalangeal joint

PIP

proximal interphalangeal joint

MCP

metacarpophalangeal joint

CMC

carpometacarpal joint

IP

interphalangeal joint

Flexor retinaculum

roof of carpal tunnel

Flexor muscles of wrist

muscles on the anterior side of the arm (flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus)

anatomical snuff box

the triangular area formed between the thumb and index finger

Extensor muscles of the wrist

muscles on the posterior side of the arm

Extensor retinaculum

band of connective tissue that extends over the dorsal surface of the hand

Clavicle Fracture MOI

FOOSH, or fall on the tip of shoulder/direct impact

Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain MOI

FOOSH or fall/blow on the tip of shoulder

Glenohumeral Dislocation (shoulder dislocation) MOI

Forced abduction and external rotation of shoulder

Glenoid Labral Tear MOI

FOOSH, direct bow, sudden pull, violent overhead reach, or repetitive motion

Glenohumeral Instability MOI

Repetitive microtrauma

Impingement MOI

Repetitive overhead motion, mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and long head of biceps tendon

Rotator Cuff Tear MOI

Forceful overloading or chronic impingement or tendonitis, repetitive overhead motion

Clavicle Fracture

broken collarbone

Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain

separated shoulder

Glenohumeral Dislocation

"Shoulder dislocation"- a "pop" sound, along with pain, deformity. Head of Humerus must be reset back into position.

Glenoid Labral Tear

overhead activity

Glenohumeral Instability

laxness or looseness of the shoulder

Impingement

Injury caused by repetitive overhead activity, which causes pinching of the structures under the acromion

Rotator Cuff Tear

traumatic rip of one or more of the muscles or tendons within the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Biceps Tendinitis

Overuse syndrome of the long head of the biceps tendon, usually producing anterior shoulder pain.

Apprehension test

glenohumeral instability, movement of a joint while observing the patient for signs of pain and increased joint laxity, to assess joint stability

Sulcus sign test

glenohumeral instability, pt stands with arm by side and shoulder relaxed. PT grabs pt's arm below elbow and pulls distally.

OBrien Test

Shoulder: tests for labral tear

Hawkins-Kennedy Test

shoulder impingement

Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain Special Test

Pressure applied to distal end of clavicle in 4 directions

Neer's test

impingement

Speed's test

bicipital tendinitis

manual muscle test

The athlete's ability to tolerate varying levels of resistance

Empty can test

Supraspinatus

Popeye deformity

biceps tendon rupture