Period 4 (1800–1848)_Pageant Ch. 11–17_AMSCO Ch. 7–12_APUSH vocab

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from U.S. history, particularly focusing on events, laws, and prominent figures in the early 1800s.

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson defeated Adams in the presidential election, marking America's first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties.

American System

Henry Clay's program combining tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements to promote national economic growth.

Barbary Pirates

North African pirates who demanded tribute payments from American merchant ships, leading to military action from the U.S.

Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson's victory over British forces after the War of 1812 was officially concluded, enhancing American nationalism.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison's defeat of Tecumseh's confederacy which destabilized Native American unity and contributed to the War of 1812.

Chesapeake Affair

British warship attacked the USS Chesapeake, leading to heightened tensions between the U.S. and Britain.

Embargo Act

Jefferson's ban on all foreign trade to pressure Britain and France, resulting in economic collapse.

Era of Good Feelings

Time of national unity under Monroe's presidency, obscuring underlying sectional tensions.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists to discuss grievances about the War of 1812, ultimately damaging their political party.

Henry Clay

Influential congressman who promoted the American System and aimed at national economic policy.

Impressment

British practice of forcing American sailors into naval service, central to U.S.-British conflicts.

Indian Removal Act

Law authorizing Native American relocation, leading to the tragic Trail of Tears.

James Madison

4th U.S. President, key figure in drafting the Constitution and overseeing the War of 1812.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who established judicial review and strengthened federal power through landmark decisions.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to invalidate unconstitutional laws, established in Marbury v. Madison.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Exploration commissioned by Jefferson to map the West and document species and geography.

Louisiana Purchase

Territorial acquisition from France that doubled the size of the U.S., despite constitutional conflicts.

Marbury v. Madison

Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court decision affirming federal supremacy and broad congressional powers.

Midnight Judges / Appointments

Last-minute judicial appointments by Adams that led to key judicial disputes.

Missouri Compromise

Agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to balance Senate power.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy declaring the Americas off-limits to further European colonization.

Orders in Council

British restrictions on neutral trade that inflamed tensions leading up to the War of 1812.

Prophet / Tenskwatawa

Tecumseh's brother who advocated Native American unity against American expansion.

Second Bank of the United States

Reestablished bank to manage national finances after War of 1812.

Strict vs. Loose Construction

Debate on the interpretation of the Constitution regarding federal powers.

Tariff of 1816

Protective tariff aimed at helping American industry post-War of 1812.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who resisted American expansion and formed a confederacy.

Treaty of Ghent

Agreed to end the War of 1812 with no territorial changes.

War Hawks

Nationalistic congressmen pushing for war against Britain leading to the War of 1812.

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain marked by impressment and ended with the Treaty of Ghent.