Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder Joint

1. Reduced pectoral skeleton

2. Elongation at proximal end of limb

3. Elongation at distal end of limb

Name 3 cursorial adaptations?

Omo

What is another name for shoulder?

Brachium

What is another name for upper arm?

Antebrachium

What is another name for lower arm?

Manus

What is another name for hand?

Digit

What is another name for toe?

A. Cranial border

B. Cranial angle

C. Dorsal border

D. Caudal angle

E. Caudal border

F. Acromion process

G. Glenoid cavity

H. Supraglenoid tubercle

I. Scapular notch

J. Supraspinous fossa

K. Spine

L. Infraspinous fossa

Looking at the lateral surface of the scapula, name A to L respectively

Dorsal border, cranial border, scapular spine, acromion process

What parts of the lateral aspect of the scapula can be palpated?

Supraglenoid tubercle

What does the biceps brachii muscle attach?

Glenoid cavity

What aspect of the scapula makes up the shoulder joint?

Rough bone for muscle attachment and protection

What is the purpose of the medially aspect of the scapula?

More rounded and the suprahamate process

List two ways the cat scapula differs from that of a dog.

Tuber on dorsal part of spine, elongated

List two ways large animal species scapulas differ that of small.

2- body, Supraglenoid tubercle

How many centers of ossification does the scapula have and where?

Humerus

What bone is this?

Dorsal view of humerus

A. Lesser tubercle

B. Intertubercular groove

C. Greater tubercle

What view is this? Label A-C

Articulates with the Glenoid cavity of scapula

What is the purpose of the head of the humerus?

Greater tubercle

Where is the location of the shoulder joint?

Intertubercular groove

Where does the biceps tendon pass in the humerus?

Condyle

What is the distal end of the humerus called?

A. Medial epicondyle

B. Lateral epicondyle

C. Supratrochlear foremen

D. Trochlea

E. Ulnar fossa

F. Radial fossa

Label A to F

Trochlea

What part of the humerus is a smooth surface for the elbow joint?

Cats

What species does not have a supratrochlear foramen?

Supracondyloid foremen

What do cats have instead of the supratrochlear foramen?

Brachial artery and median nerve

What passes through the supracondyloid foremen?

Mechanical hook for ulna

What is the purpose of the supratrochlear foramen?

5

Proximal epiphyses, body, condyle (medial epicondyle, medial half, lateral half)

How many centers of ossification does the humerus have? Where?

Acromion process and great tubercle

On physical examination, which parts of the shoulder joint can be palpated?

Bicipital bursa

What is the name given to the joint capsule of the shoulder joint?

Transverse ligament

What holds the shoulder joint in place?

Supraspinatous muscle

Infraspinatous muscle

What muscles provide lateral support for the shoulder?

* Supraspinatous muscle

+ Infraspinatous muscle

Name the muscles labeled by * and +

Suprascapular nerve

What is the nerve supply for the lateral support muscles of the shoulder?

O- supraspinous fossa

I- proximal lateral humerus

Where does the supraspinatous muscle originate and insert?

O- infraspinous fossa

I- proximal lateral humerus

Where does the infraspintous muscle originate and insert?

Subscapularis muscle

What muscle provides medial support for the shoulder joint?

Subscapularis muscle

What muscle is labeled X in this image?

O- Subscapular fossa

I- proximal medial humerus

Where does the Subscapularis muscle originate and insert?

Subscapular nerve

What nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?

Brachiocaphalic, latissimus dorsi, serratus ventralis, trapezius, pectorals

What are the extrinsic muscles of the forelimb?

O- cervical vertebra and skill

I- humerus

Where does the brachyocephalicus muscle originate and insert?

Forelimb protractor

Shoulder extensor

How does the brachyocephalicus muscle act on the shoulder and forelimb?

Cats

Which species has a clavicle present?

Brachyocephalicus

What muscle is presented in this image?

Latissumus dorsi

What muscle is presented in this image?

O- Thoracic vertebrae

I- humerus

Where does the latissumus dorsi muscle originate and insert?

Forelimb retractor

Shoulder flexor

How does the latissumus dorsi muscle act on the forelimb and shoulder?

Latissumus dorsi

Which muscle is the broadest of the back?

Serratus ventralis

What muscle is presented in this image?

O- thoracic wall, cervical vertebrae

I- proximal scapula

Where does the serratus ventralis muscle originate and insert?

Cranial portion (black arrows) retractor

Caudal portion (pink arrows) protractor

How do the arrows in the image work on moving the limb?

Trapezius

What muscle is presented in the image?

O- cervical and thoracic vertebrae

I- proximal scapular spine

Where does the trapezius muscle originate and insert?

Abduction

How does the trapezius muscle act on then limb?

Pectorals

What muscles are presented in the image?

Adduction of the limb

How does the trapezius muscle act on the limb?