Chapter 8

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia

alveolar

pertaining to the alveoli

alveolus

tiny air sac in the lung at the ends of bronchioles

anoxia/hypoxia

a deficiency of oxygen

antiasthmatics

prevent or treat the symptoms of asthma

antihistamine

used to treat colds and allergies

antitussive

prevent or relieve coughing

aphasia

absence of speech

aphasic

describes an individual affected by aphasia

aphonia

absence of voice

apnea

absence of breathing

asphyxiation

suffocation

asthma

- paroxysmal dyspnea (sudden difficulties in breathing) due to spasm of bronchial tubes

- accompanied by wheezing

atelectasis

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of lung

auditory tube/eustachian tube/otopharyngeal tube

extends from middle ear to pharynx

bradypnea

slow breathing

bronchi

two divisions of the trachea that direct air into lungs

bronchial

pertaining to the bronchi

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection

bronchiole

subdivisions of the bronchi

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchioles

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

bronchodilator

agent causing the bronchi to widen

bronchogram

record/x-ray image of the bronchus

bronchography

process of recording the bronchus

bronchopneumonia

inflammation of the lungs and the bronchi

bronchopulmonary

pertaining to the bronchi and lungs

bronchoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

bronchoscopic

pertaining to visual examination of the bronchi

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi

carcinoma of the lung

lung cancer

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

disease process that decreases the lungs' ability to perform their ventilatory function

decongestant

eliminate or reduce swelling or congestion

diaphragm

muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

dysphasia

difficulty in speech (can't arrange words in correct order)

dysphonia

difficulty speaking or a weak voice

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

effusion

escape (of fluid)

embolism

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

embolus

foreign material, often a blood clot

emphysema

chronic pulmonary disease in which alveoli are damaged, making it difficult to breathe

endotracheal intubation

- insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea

- 2 types: nasotracheal intubation + orotracheal intubation

epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that covers the larynx while swallowing

esophagus

- tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

- food passes through here

eupnea

normal breathing

exhalation/expiration

breathing air out of the lungs

expectorants

improve expulsion of mucus from lungs

glottis

the vocal apparatus of the larynx

Heimlich maneuver

a method of dislodging food or other obstructions from the windpipe

hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

hyperpnea

- increased respiratory rate or breathing that's deeper than normal

- can lead to hyperventilation

hyperventilation

increased aeration of the lungs, which reduces CO2 levels in the body

hypoventilation

reduced air entering the alveoli

hypoxemia

deficient oxygen in the blood

influenza

flu; acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by viruses

inhalation/inspiration

breathing of air into the lungs

inhalers

devices used to administer medications that are breathed in

laryngalgia

pain in the larynx

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

laryngeal polyp

small tumorlike growth on the vocal cords that can cause hoarseness

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

laryngopharynx

- lower part of the pharynx

- where the pharynx divides into the larynx + esophagus

laryngoscopy

visual examination of the larynx

larynx

- voice box

- air passes through here

lobectomy

removal of a lobe of a lung

lung biopsy

removal of lung tissue for diagnosis

mucolytic

drug that destroys or dissolves mucus

nares

nostrils (nose openings)

nasal

pertaining to the nose

nasal cannula

a device that delivers O2 by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

nasal polyp

abnormal, protruding growth from the nasal mucosa

nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

nasopharyngeal

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

nasotracheal intubation

insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose

orotracheal intubation

insertion of a tube into the trachea through the mouth

orthopnea

ability to breathe only in an upright position

orthopneic

pertaining to or affected by orthopnea

oximeter

instrument used to measure oxygen saturation in the arteries

oximetry

noninvasive method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in the arteries

paranasal sinuses

air-filled paired cavities in various bones around the nose

paroxysmal

occurring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms

percutaneous biopsy

removal of tissue by puncturing suspected lesion through the skin

pharyngeal

pertaining to the pharynx

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

pharynx

throat

phrenic

pertaining to the diaphragm

pleura

- membrane surrounding each lung

- also lines the walls of the chest cavity

pleural

pertaining to the pleura

pleurisy/pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

pneumatic

pertaining to respiration or air

pneumectomy/pneumonectomy

excision of all or part of a lung

pneumocardial

pertaining to the lungs and heart

pneumocentesis

surgical puncture of the lung

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

pneumohemothorax

air and blood in the pleural cavity

pneumonia/pneumonitis

inflammation of the lungs

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

pulmonary/pulmonic

pertaining to the lungs

pulmonary edema

effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs

pulmonary embolism

blockage of pulmonary artery due to clot or other foreign material