AP US History Active Recall Questions/Terms

Who was the French and Indian War between?

French and British

The French and Indian War was a part of a much larger conflict called?

The 7 Years War

Cause of the French and Indian War

England and France both wanted to control the Ohio River Valley

Fort Duquesne

French fort that was the site of the first major battle of the French and Indian War. Americans lost.

What is the Albany Congress?

British colonials who gathered to create a more organized response to the French. Indians were involved but were ignored.

Albany Plan of Union

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Why is the Albany plan of union important?

It set ground for later gatherings such as the ones during the Revolutionary war.

How did the French and Indian war end?

Treaty of Paris 1763

What resulted in the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

- Spain gave Florida to the British

-French were basically out of NA

-Lands west of MR were Spanish

-Lands east of MR were British (Ohio River Valley)

Effects of the French and Indian War

- Westward Expansion

-Unfriendly relationship with Indians

-EXPENSIVE

What is the Proclamation line of 1763?

King George III declared an imaginary line along the Appalachian Mountains that the American colonists were not supposed to move past in order to not upset the Indians.

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

In order to pay for the debt from the French and Indian war, what did the British do?

Raised the colonies taxes

What is Salutary neglect?

The British policy of relaxed rule towards colonial governments so long as they remained loyal

What were the Navigation Acts?

A series of laws which restricted foreign shipping.

How does salutary neglect relate to the Navigation Acts?

The colonists did not really follow the navigation acts, and the British were practicing salutary neglect.

Grenville's Program

As Prime Minister, he passed the Sugar Act in 1764 and the Stamp Act in 1765 to help finance the cost of maintaining a standing force of British troops in the colonies. He believed in reducing the financial burden on the British by enacting new taxes in the colonies. The currency act too.

No Taxation without Representation

Reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

What were the Sons of Liberty?

Secret societies of colonists formed to protest British policies

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

Convention in New York of many colonies attempting to get the King to stop the Stamp Act. Stated that they were loyal subjects to the King.

What act was passed when the stamp and sugar were repealed?

Declaratory Act

Declaratory Act (1766)

Declared that Parliament had the power to tax the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" & that the colonists possessed virtual representation.

What act really set off the colonists?

Townshend Act

Townshend Act

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

What was the Boston Massacre (1770)?

The killing of 5 civilians by British troops which helped spark the American Revolutionary War.

What was the Boston Tea Party (1773)?

Sons of Liberty protesting the tax on Tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor

What did the British do in response to the BTP?

Coercive Acts

Coercive Acts

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soilders in their own homes.

What are the Intolerable Acts?

series of laws, aka in Britain as the Coercive Acts, meant to punish Massachusetts and restrict resistance in other colonies;

1) Boston Harbor closed until tea paid for

2) Massachusetts was put under military rule

3) British soldiers tried for murder in England not in the colonies

4) more troops were to be sent to Boston

First Continental Congress (1774)

Convention of delegates from the colonies called in to discuss their response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts.

Where did the colonists learn their ideals from?

The Enlightenment

John Locke

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

"Consent of the governed"

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

"Social Contract" give up rights to be protected by the government.

Montesquieu

separation of powers

"Spirit of Laws"

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Pamphlet that encouraged the Colonists to fight the British. Reached majority of the population.

Second Continental Congress (1775)

They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence

The Continental Army suffered the 1st 6 months

True

What was Washington's plan to winning the war?

Keep the war going until the British get tired and give up.

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

Decisive colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution.

Historical Significance:

Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

How did the American Revolution end?

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Republican Motherhood

Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women

The American Revolution inspired what?

French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution

Why did the people march the bastille in the French Revolution?

They viewed it as monarchal power.

French equivalent of the Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Man

Haitian Revolution

Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. This revolution set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere and the world's second democratic republic (after the US). The US was reluctant to give full support to this republic led by former slaves.

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Ratified in 1781. Influence by state constitutions.

What good law was passed under the Articles of Confederation?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

1. Abolished slavery in the Northwest

2. Provided a means by which western territories could apply for statehood

Worst thing that happened under the Articles of Confederation?

Shay's Rebellion

Shay's Rebellion (1786)

Armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures.

Why was Shay's Rebellion an eyeopener?

There was no large army to put down the mob, they needed a stronger government/army.

Constitutional Convention

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution

Virginia Plan

Proposal to create a strong national government, proposed by bigger states. Representation

New Jersey Plan

Proposal to create a weak national government, proposed by smaller states. Equal number of votes.

Great Compromise (1787)

was an agreement between large and small states. It proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives.

3/5ths Compromise

agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress

Was the ban of slavery delayed until 1808

Yes

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Which amendment gives power to the states?

10th

National Bank

Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Jefferson and Democratic-Rep. The bank would regulate money and draw investors; showed that the constitution could be construed in many a way.

What clause did Hamilton use to justify the national bank?

Necessary and Proper Clause

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on , declaring the US a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Edmond Genet (Citizen Genet)

sent by France to America to win support to the French Revolution, and began to recruit for the war effort against Britain. He later became a US citizen and made Jefferson resign in 1793

Jay's Treaty (1794)

The agreement in 1794 between England and the U.S. by which limited trade relations were established, England agreed to give up its forts in the northwestern frontier, and a joint commission was set up to settle border disputes.

Pinkney's Treaty (1795)

Spanish agree to open Mississippi River to American trade through New Orleans.

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

Decisive battle between the Miami confederacy and the U.S. Army. British forces refused to shelter the routed Indians, forcing the latter to attain a peace settlement with the United States.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Washington's Farewell Address, 1796

Urged Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, warned against long-term alliances with other nations -

XYZ Affair (1797)

Under John Adams presidency,.. Diplomatic conflict between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the U.S. called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean.

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams;; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson argued that states had the right to nullify federal legislation that they believed was unconstitutional. Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Did women's role expand during this period? (White women)

Yes

Charles Wilson Peale, Samuel Jennings, and John Trumpbull were all what?

Painters

Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758)

Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin. Best known for its proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, and common sense.

Jefferson's Monticello house was inspired by?

European Architecture

Barbary Pirates and Jefferson

Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

Federalists

Loose Constructionists

Louisana Purchase

Treaty between the USA and France where the US bought territory that stretched from the west bank of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The US payed 15 million.

What was ironic with TJ and the Louisiana Purchase?

TJ was a strict constructionist and nowhere in the constitution did it say that Presidents can buy land.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories of the United States

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review. Ruled the Judiciary Act unconstitutional.

Is federal power increasing during Jefferson's time?

yes

War of 1812

- France and Britain fighting (the US was neutral)

-Britain kept seizing American ships

- Americans blamed the British for problems with Indians

-British Impressment

- US declared war on Britain

-Federalists did not want to go to war

-Created nationalism and federalists went down

Hartford Convention (1814)

A meeting of Federalist delegates from New England inspired by Federalist opposition to the War of 1812;contributed to the death of the Federalist Party during the "Era of Good Feelings"

Henry Clay's American System

1. Protective Tariffs (done)

2. National Bank (done)

3. Internal Improvements

Tallmadge Amendment (1819)

Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation. Southerners vehemently opposed the amendment, which they perceived as a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)

Temporary truce over slavery issue, 3 parts: MO added as a slave state, ME added as a free state, above 36°30' line = free, below = slave

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S. Established location of southern border

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Statement delivered by President James Monroe stating that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.

Market Revolution

Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses)

-Cotton Gin

-Spinning Machine

-Interchangeable parts

-Steamboats

Erie Canal (1825)

New Yorkers built the canal linking the Great Lakes with the Hudson River.

Many immigrants came from where in the 1800-1848?

Germany and Ireland

Cult of Domesticity

Idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands

What event caused men (other than property owning white men) to vote?

Panic of 1819

Panic of 1819

-Irresponsible banking practices

-Decreased demand for exports

-Working men demand the franchise

National Republicans

-Expansive view of federal power

-Loose Constructionists

-John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay

Democrats

-Restrictive view of federal power

-Strict Constructionists

-Andrew Jackson

Corrupt Bargain of 1824

A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State.